On 31 May 2015 at 11:18, Lee Hart via EV wrote:

> our society creates an overwhelming pressure to keep doing the Same Old
> Thing, no matter what, no matter how many better ideas come along,
> until absolutely FORCED to change 

You may see lithium SLI batteries in very high end ICEVs.  At least one 
luxury car manufacturer (BMW?) is already using them.  They may even 
eventually spread down into high-trim-line mid-priced ICEVs.  But the truth 
is that lead SLI batteries are good enough for the job, and they are CHEAP. 
So is the charging system for them.  For the highly price-competitive mass 
production ICEV world, cheap wins every time.

Most of the places where lithium now dominates are situations essentially 
impractical withoug advanced-chemistry batteries.  Portable computers, for 
example.  Although a few manufacturers briefly flirted with lead batteries 
in the mid-1980s (in response to perceived problems with the cheap NiCd 
batteries they'd been [mis]using), the small-computer-electronics world we 
know today was largely made possible by the high specific energy of lithium 
batteries.  

When these gadgets were introduced, they were aimed at the well-heeled.  
Profit margins were high and competition slim.  Remember when a good, state 
of the art laptop cost $3000-5000?  At that system price, a $250 battery was 
no big deal.

Because road EVs are trying to replace ICEVs, they need lithium's high SE. 
But there are millions of EVs worldwide that may never get fitted with it.  
Though lithium might yet creep in, lead is good enough for the way most golf 
cars and industrial vehicles are used,  and its economy is still attractive. 
Lead is actually better for forklifts (you need ballast anyway).

David Roden - Akron, Ohio, USA
EVDL Administrator

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