On Saturday, August 30, 2025 at 5:20:04 AM UTC-6 John Clark wrote:

On Sat, Aug 30, 2025 at 6:56 AM Alan Grayson <[email protected]> wrote:


*The following quote is from  Expansion of the universe 
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_of_the_universe?utm_source=chatgpt.com>
 :*
 
*"The very earliest expansion, called inflation 
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)> saw the universe 
suddenly expand by a factor of at least 1026 in every direction about 
10−32 of a second after the Big Bang. Cosmic expansion subsequently 
decelerated to much slower rates, until around 9.8 billion years after the 
Big Bang (4 billion years ago) it began to gradually **expand more quickly 
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe>, and 
is still doing so." *

*The following quote is from** Accelerating expansion of the universe 
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe>:*



*"The accelerated expansion of the universe is thought to have begun since 
the universe entered its dark-energy-dominated era 
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-energy-dominated_era> roughly 5 billion 
years ago"*


*> I never disputed that conclusion; only yours, that it implies that after 
the galaxies formed, the universe was expanding very slowly.*


*Expanding "very slowly" compared with the expansion of the universe during 
inflation certainly. I will now make a statement that you dispute that I am 
nevertheless absolutely certain is true: *

*Today galaxies are expanding faster than they were before galaxies started 
expanding faster. *

*The reason I would be willing to bet my life on the above statement being 
true is because all tautologies are true.*
 

*> Sure, after that the expansion slowed due to gravity, but the discovery 
of the accelerated expansion says NOTHING about the much earlier rate of 
expansion. AG *


*Yet more evidence that you don't read what I write, not even the parts 
that I underline. *


*"Cosmic expansion subsequently decelerated to much slower rates, until 
around 9.8 billion years after the Big Bang (4 billion years ago) it began 
to gradually **expand more quickly 
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe>, and 
is still doing so." *


*Sorry, but I'm still confused about what, exactly, Hubble's law is telling 
us. On its face, it's saying that on average, the farther away galaxies 
are, the faster is their recessional velocity. Does this mean that in the 
past, after the very short period of inflation ended, and ignoring 1998 
measurements, they were receding faster than they are today? TY, AG*

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