Hi Stephen P. King 

Truth or mind or numbers or life or intelligence
is the ultimate primitive. They are what
the spacetime universe and man emerged from ultimately.
This is called downward causation.

In the beginning were the numbers
and the numbers were with Mind
and the numbers were Mind.



[Roger Clough], [rclo...@verizon.net]
11/15/2012 
"Forever is a long time, especially near the end." -Woody Allen

----- Receiving the following content ----- 
From: Stephen P. King 
Receiver: everything-list 
Time: 2012-11-03, 09:17:02
Subject: Re: The two types of truth


On 11/3/2012 7:45 AM, Roger Clough wrote:
> Hi Bruno Marchal and Stephen,
>
> http://www.angelfire.com/md2/timewarp/leibniz.html
>
> "Leibniz declares that there are two kinds of truth:
> truths of reason [which are non-contradictory, are always either
> true or false], and truths of fact [which are not always either true or 
> false].
>
> Truths of reason are a priori, while truths of fact are a posteriori.
> Truths of reason are necessary, permanent truths. Truths of fact are 
> contingent, empirical truths.
> Both kinds of truth must have a sufficient reason. Truths of reason have their
> sufficient reason in being opposed to the contradictoriness and logical 
> inconsistency
> of propositions which deny them. Truths of fact have their sufficient reason 
> in
> being more perfect than propositions which deny them."
>
Dear Roger,

     Is truth, either of reason or of fact, independent of the mind or 
in the collective minds of all that could apprehend them?

-- 
Onward!

Stephen


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