On Tuesday, October 8, 2019 at 1:53:49 PM UTC-6, Philip Thrift wrote:
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>
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> On Tuesday, October 8, 2019 at 2:22:12 PM UTC-5, Alan Grayson wrote:
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>> On Tuesday, October 8, 2019 at 11:17:35 AM UTC-6, Philip Thrift wrote:
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>>>
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>>> On Tuesday, October 8, 2019 at 8:22:10 AM UTC-5, Bruno Marchal wrote:
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>>>>
>>>> On 7 Oct 2019, at 20:49, Philip Thrift <[email protected]> wrote:
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>>>>
>>>>
>>>> https://aeon.co/essays/post-empirical-science-is-an-oxymoron-and-it-is-dangerous
>>>>
>>>> *Theoretical physicists who say the multiverse exists set a dangerous 
>>>> precedent: science based on zero empirical evidence*
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Any one saying that even one universe exist say something with zero 
>>>> physical evidence. The very expression “physical evidence” is begging the 
>>>> question in metaphysics.
>>>>
>>>> Mechanist metaphysics implies that the physical reality emerges from 
>>>> arithmetic, in a precise way, and nature gives the east same physics, as 
>>>> far as we can judge today, and this without hiding consciousness and the 
>>>> first person under the rug. So, I would say that the empirical evidences 
>>>> today is for 0 universes, but many dreams (computations seen from inside, 
>>>> or moralised through the universal machine theory of self-reference.
>>>>
>>>> Physical evidences are dream-able. They cannot be direct evidence for 
>>>> anything ontological. Einstein, at least, was ware of the mystery of the 
>>>> existence of the physical universe, and took it as a religion, which is 
>>>> the 
>>>> correct attitude if one believe in such a thing. 
>>>>
>>>> Bruno
>>>>
>>>>
>>> *x emerges* from arithmetic is not grounded, because arithmetic is not 
>>> grounded. Whatever syntactic specification of arithmetic one starts with 
>>> (that is at least as expressive as Peano Axioms) has an unfixed semantics 
>>> ("nonstandard models"). There are other arithmetics for *hyperarithmetical  
>>> theory*.
>>>
>>> Where Jim Baggott gets it wrong; All theories have nonempirical premises 
>>> encoded in their language. Even though EFE (Einstein Field Equations) may 
>>> be a useful tool for predictions of data collected in instruments, their 
>>> expression in terms of a continuous space+time is not empirical.
>>>
>>> @philipthrift
>>>
>>
>> It could just be a useful approximation in order for calculus to be 
>> applied. However, experiments have been done, and so far no deviation from 
>> spatial continuity has been detected. Not sure about time continuity. AG 
>>
>>>
>>>  
>>>
>> A traditional calculus alternative that could match the 
> "continuity"-appearing  empirical data is fractional/fractal calculus.
>
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> *A Tutorial Review on Fractal Spacetime and Fractional Calculus*
> International Journal of Theoretical Physics · November 2014
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> https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266398625_A_Tutorial_Review_on_Fractal_Spacetime_and_Fractional_Calculus
>
>
> @philipthrift 
>

Was Fractional Calculus known when E developed GR? AG 

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