On Tue, Jan 14, 2020 at 6:47 AM Alan Grayson <[email protected]> wrote:



> > >It is true for a de Sitter universe as a solution of the Einstein
>> equations. If the universe is spherical, it will eventually recontract, and
>> light cannot get right round and back to its starting point before the
>> universe recontracts to a point. If the universe is expanding via dark
>> energy, even if spherical, light still cannot get round because of the
>> expansion. In other words, you can never see the back of your own head no
>> matter what the geometry of the universe!!!!!
>> Bruce
>>
>>>
> > *Since it's not a perfect sphere* [...]
>

Because we're talking about curved Spacetime and not curved space and
because non-Euclidean geometry must be used (due to that minus sign that
sneaks into Pythagoras formula if time is one of the dimensions) it's
misleading to call it a "sphere", it's even misleading to call it the
surface of a 4D sphere. What we really want to know is it the geometry of
the universe is open or closed.


> *> light never exactly returns to its starting point. That's just an
> approximation *
>

That's what happens in a de Sitter universe, its flat and open and you get
a de Sitter universe if the universe is not dominated by matter but by the
Cosmological Constant, which is probably Dark Energy. Already about 74% of
the matter/energy in our universe is in the form of Dark Energy, and as
time progresses that percentage can only increase and we'll get closer and
closer to a pure de Sitter universe. That's because the Cosmological
Constant is a property of empty space, so as the accelerating universe
creates more space it also creates more Dark Energy, however the total
amount of matter (both regular and dark) remains fixed.  And in a de Sitter
universe the distance between any 2 non-accelerating points will, given
enough time, eventually be moving apart faster than the speed of light.


> *> **Let's forget it. These discussions are worthless.*
>

It appears you are not following your own advice.

John K Clark

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