On Saturday, September 14, 2024 at 2:31:39 PM UTC-6 Brent Meeker wrote:




On 9/14/2024 12:30 AM, Alan Grayson wrote:

But it's not a property of an expanding sphere without the condition that 
the expansion has a constant proportional rate; so the relative distances 
keep the same proportions.  The further away something is the faster it is 
moving away.  That's why your first assumption ds/dt=const gives a result 
inconsistent with Hubble's law, it doesn't keep theta constant for every 
point.

Brent


I never assumed ds/dt = const. Rather I calculated ds/dt and found it not 
surprisingly positive, which I concluded was insufficient to show ds/dt 
would eventually be > c. AG 


Hubble's law or something equivalent is necessary to give more definition 
to the problem.  The balloon model does the same as Hubble's law; it posits 
that the expansion preserves proportions, i.e.  if s=>s+ds then n*s=>n*s 
+n*ds.

Brent


I recall from years ago the proportion issue we discussed. Obviously, if r, 
the radius of sphere, increases by x%, so will any great circle on the 
sphere since its circumference also increases by x%, given the formula for 
circumference 2*pi*r. So, Hubble's measurements indirectly imply that the 
global geometry of the universe is spherical. AG  

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