PS. You can see the table in html. L.
Dear Joe,
As tragic events repeatedly show, their origin is often not the lack of
information in the simple sense, but the lack of structures (or structurations)
in people capable of implementing it. These structures or capacities are also
information in the complex sense, of course, but they also can be considered as
a form of intelligence.
One can consider the network of relations among intelligent agents from this
perspective. The network can be written as a matrix or a two-dimensional
probability distribution that contains uncertainty (expressable, for example,
in bits of information). In order to retain information, the networks have to
endure over time and thus one obtains a three-dimensional array of information
of networks stacked (with time subscripts). In order to act “intelligently”,
the networks have to be able to restructure themselves in the present using one
more degree of freedom à four-dimensional probability distribution.
Within this array in four dimensions, one can distinguish between trajectories,
regimes, Markov chains, evolutionary changes, etc.
first
dimension
second
dimension
third
dimension
fourth
dimension
Operation
variation
selection
stabilization, retention
globalization and self-organization
Nature
entropy; disturbance
extension; network
localized trajectory
identity or regime
Character of operation
probabilistic; uncertain
deterministic; structural
reflexive; reconstructive
globally organized; resilient
Appearance
instantaneous and volatile
spatial;
multi-variate
historically contingent
emerging
hyper-cycle
Unit of analysis
change in terms of relations
latent
positions
stabilities during history
virtual expectations
Type of analysis
descriptive registration
multi-variate analysis
time-series analysis
non-linear dynamics
Source: Leydesdorff, L. (2001). A Sociological Theory of Communication: The
Self-Organization of the Knowledge-Based Society. Parkland, FL: Universal
Publishers; at http://www.universal-publishers.com/book.php?method=ISBN
<http://www.universal-publishers.com/book.php?method=ISBN&book=1581126956>
&book=1581126956; p. 99.
Best,
Loet
I believe more attention should be paid explicitly to such structures to enable
people to recognize and use them against the inevitable forces opposing that
(keeping to a schedule, not 'frightening' people, etc.) Calling responsible
behavior intelligent might facilitate the exercise of it.
Best regards,
Joseph
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