On Tue, 28 May 2013 15:13+0430, s m wrote:
> On 5/28/13, Trond Endrestøl <trond.endres...@fagskolen.gjovik.no> wrote:
> > On Tue, 28 May 2013 12:25+0200, Trond Endrestøl wrote:
> >
> >> On Tue, 28 May 2013 13:29+0430, saeedeh motlagh wrote:
> >>
> >> > On Tue, May 28, 2013 at 1:16 PM, Trond Endrestøl <
> >> > trond.endres...@fagskolen.gjovik.no> wrote:
> >> >
> >> > > On Tue, 28 May 2013 12:57+0430, s m wrote:
> >> > >
> >> > > > hello all,
> >> > > >
> >> > > > i want to install freebsd8.2 with different partitions. i want to
> >> > > > have
> >> > > > a separated partition for /etc. therefore this is my partitions: /
> >> > > > ,
> >> > > > /var, /etc. /tmp, /usr, swap.
> >> > > >
> >> > > > but after installing, freebsd can not run correctly and have
> >> > > > problem
> >> > > > with fstab. i checked my fstab file (fstab file in /etc partition)
> >> > > > and
> >> > > > every thing is ok. i think i should do something in order to use
> >> > > > fstab
> >> > > > file in different mount point. is it true? what should i do to have
> >> > > > a
> >> > > > freebsd with a separate /etc mount point?
> >> > > >
> >> > > > any comments are appreciated.
> >> > > > SAM
> >> > >
> >> > > If you really want to keep /etc as a separate filesystem, then I
> >> > > would
> >> > > try something like this:
> >> > >
> >> > > 1. Create the file /etc-mount and give it the following contents:
> >> > >
> >> > > #!/bin/sh
> >> > > /sbin/mount /dev/ada0pX /etc
> >> > > exec /etc/rc $*
> >> > >
> >> > > 2. Make sure to substitute the right device file for the mount
> >> > > command.
> >> > >
> >> > > 2. Make /etc-mount executable: chmod a+x /etc-mount
> >> > >
> >> > > 3. On the root filesystem, let /etc/rc be a symlink to /etc-mount.
> >> > >
> >> > > This is just off the top of my head. It may work, or it may not work.
> >> > >
> >> > > HTH.
> >>
> >> > thanks Trond but i think it can not help me.
> >> >
> >> > you know i want to separate my /etc completely from root. for some
> >> > reasons,
> >> > i want to unmount /etc while root is mounted.
> >> >
> >> > by your procedure, i think /etc is dependent to root yet. isn't it?
> >>
> >> When the system boots, init(8) fires up a shell to execute the
> >> commands contained in (the real) /etc/rc. At boot only the root file
> >> system is mounted, thus you need a mechanism to mount /etc ahead of
> >> normal startup and pass whatever arguments the fake /etc/rc was
> >> invoked with on to the real /etc/rc.
> >>
> >> As long as no processes holds open any files within /etc and you
> >> don't need any of the files, /etc/{,s}pwd.db and[!] /etc/group comes
> >> to mind, you should be able to unmount /etc at your own pace. I
> >> guess you should be in single user mode while doing this.
> >
> > [Typo corrected.]
> >
> >> Why do you need this strange detachment anyway?
> >> Backups? Snapshots?
> thanks guys,
>
> you know i have a server and change my pwd files most of the time. i
> want to safe my server, so i prefer to mount my root read-only and
> because of changes in pwd files, i should mount /etc read-write.
> therefore i want to separate my /etc from root.
>
> moreover, if i want to enable journaling on /etc, i should unmount it
> (journaling cannot been set for root partition).
To enable journaling, i.e. soft updates, for the root filesystem, do
the exact following:
1. Reboot into single user mode.
2. Run /sbin/tunefs -j enable /dev/ada0pX
3. Issue the reboot command.
> now, do you have any suggestion for my status? how can i mount /etc
> partition at boot time?
As I said earlier in this thread you need a mechanism for mounting
/etc prior to running the startup scripts.
OK, here's a more detailed list than the previous one, assuming the
root filesystem is currently mounted read-write:
1. Create and edit the file /fake-rc, giving it this contents (the
next 3 lines):
#!/bin/sh
mount /dev/ada0pX /etc
exec /etc/rc $*
2. Don't forget to substitute the right device file corresponding to
the /etc filesystem.
3. Let /fake-rc be executable: chmod a+x /fake-rc
4. Go to single user mode. I'm still assuming the _root_ filesystem is
mounted read-write. Please ensure it is.
5. Unmount /etc.
6. Let /etc/rc be a symbolic link to /fake-rc, by issuing the command:
/bin/ln -s /fake-rc /etc/rc
7. Remount /etc manually, i.e. mount /dev/ada0pX /etc
8. Make the necessary changes to /etc/fstab so that the root file
system is never mounted read-write during startup.
9. Reboot the system and observe to see if the behaviour is the
desired one.
Remember this, because this is important:
When the system boots, init(8) fires up a shell to execute the
commands contained in (the real) /etc/rc.
At boot only the _root_ file system is mounted, thus you need a
mechanism to mount /etc ahead of normal startup and pass whatever
arguments the fake /etc/rc was invoked with on to the real /etc/rc.
This is what you would accomplish by erecting /etc/rc on the _root_
filesystem as a symlink to the fake /fake-rc, also on the _root_
filesystem. The fake /fake-rc takes care of mounting /etc at startup
and resuming running the startup scripts by executing the real
/etc/rc, now that the /etc filesystem is finally mounted (read-write).
Use this opportunity to really learn how FreeBSD behaves during
startup and what its expectations are.
--
+-------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Vennlig hilsen, | Best regards, |
| Trond Endrestøl, | Trond Endrestøl, |
| IT-ansvarlig, | System administrator, |
| Fagskolen Innlandet, | Gjøvik Technical College, Norway, |
| tlf. mob. 952 62 567, | Cellular...: +47 952 62 567, |
| sentralbord 61 14 54 00. | Switchboard: +47 61 14 54 00. |
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