We can't have more then 4 primary partitions on a hard disk.
Gentoo needs 2 partitions, /boot and a Virtual partition (that count's
as well as one primary) with all the other folders.
Windows will create 2. and Mac OSX minimum 1, am I right?!
Your Windows partitions have to be in the first four, but OSX and linux
partitions can be anywhere thanks to the gpt partition table.
Things are both simpler and more complex than that.
The real problem is that while rEFIt/rEFInd, OSX and Linux have no
problem dealing with a GPT partition table, Windows only supports MBR.
(Windows 7+ supports GPT partition tables but it can only boot from a
GPT disk in EFI mode. On a Mac OSes other than OSX must be booted in
BIOS emulation mode, therefore the requirement for MBR on the system
disk for Windows still stands).
GPT and MBR, however, are only indexing schemes: they describe how many
partitions are on a disk and their location, but apart from providing a
high level 'type' label they have nothing to do with what's inside a
partition.
GPT-partitioned disks traditionallly have what's called a 'protective
MBR', i.e. a dummy MBR which defines a single partition of type 0xEE
spanning the whole disk; this is intended to keep partitioning tools
that are not GPT-aware from considering the disk uninitialized and
inadvertently destroying its contents.
However, nothing prevents you from adding to the protective MBR regular
entries for some of the partitions, and have the disk look like a
'normal' MBR disk as far as those partitions are concerned.
The result is called a 'hybrid MBR' and it's the main trick behind Boot
Camp. There is really nothing special about booting (or installing)
Windows on a Mac: it just works, as long as you have both a properly set
up hybrid MBR with an entry for the Windows partition and a suitable EFI
boot manager.
The former can be done with a tool such as gpt-fdisk (you can easily
find a binary package for OSX, and there are directions for dealing with
hybrid MBRs on the author's site); rEFInd is your best option for the
latter. The standard Apple boot manager will also do, if you only need
to boot OSX and Windows.
Booting Linux works in a similar fashion. You don't even need a
GPT-aware bootloader: good old GRUB 1 is perfectly up to the task, as
long as there is an entry for its boot partition in the hybrid MBR. Then
you can load a kernel with GPT support, and from there it's just a
standard multiboot setup.
HTH,
andrea
