Interesting‹so are you in accord with the original result at
http://zeenews.india.com/news/eco-news/arctic-sea-ice-depletion-to-result-in
-rise-of-co2-in-atmosphere_1474406.html

Mike




On 9/24/14 5:29 PM, "Ken Caldeira" <[email protected]> wrote:

> My sense is that brine rejection / melting of sea ice acts as a rectifier
> increasing vertical stability in the upper ocean, and that a loss of sea ice
> would decrease vertical stability in the upper ocean and thus increase
> vertical mixing.
> 
> The seasonal sea-ice cycle acts like a rectifier, with brine during ice
> formation sinking to the pycnocline at the base of the mixed-layer while
> low-density water from melting sea ice stays on the surface.
> 
> In model simulations without brine rejection from sea ice, there would  be
> much less vertical stability of the water column and much less large scale
> convection and much more CFC (and CO2) uptake.
> 
> Please see the attached paper.
> 
> http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/98GL00336/pdf
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________
> Ken Caldeira
> 
> Carnegie Institution for Science 
> Dept of Global Ecology
> 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
> +1 650 704 7212 [email protected]
> http://dge.stanford.edu/labs/caldeiralab  
> https://twitter.com/KenCaldeira
> 
> Assistant:  Dawn Ross <[email protected]>
> 
> 
> On Thu, Sep 25, 2014 at 9:58 AM, Mike MacCracken <[email protected]> wrote:
>> However, briny water does increase vertical mixing (and sea ice forms not
>> only in the Arctic, but in the far northern Atlantic, etc.), countering the
>> effects of stratification that would limit vertical exchange of CO2.
>> 
>> Mike
>> 
>> 
>> On 9/23/14 7:34 PM, "Peter Flynn" <[email protected]
>> <http://[email protected]> > wrote:
>> 
>>> North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is thought to primarily form in the open
>>> ocean and does not originate from the brine coming off the bottom of sea
>>> ice.
>>>  
>>> Peter
>>>  
>>> Peter Flynn, P. Eng., Ph. D.
>>> Emeritus Professor and Poole Chair in Management for Engineers
>>> Department of Mechanical Engineering
>>> University of Alberta
>>> [email protected] <http://[email protected]>
>>> <mailto:[email protected]>
>>> cell: 928 451 4455 <tel:928%20451%204455>
>>>  
>>>  
>>>  
>>> 
>>> From: [email protected]
>>> <http://[email protected]>
>>> [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Mike MacCracken
>>> Sent: September-23-14 6:32 PM
>>> To: Ken Caldeira; Greg Rau
>>> Cc: Andrew Lockley; Geoengineering; [email protected]
>>> <http://[email protected]>
>>> Subject: Re: [geo] Arctic sea ice depletion to result in rise of CO2 in
>>> atmosphere | Zee News
>>>  
>>> In my reading, the wording was very confusing. Reading more carefully, it
>>> seemed to me that they were saying that there will be less CO2 in the ocean
>>> as a result of melting back of the sea ice. An open Arctic with no sea ice
>>> formation would imply less down-welling due to not forming dense brine
>>> pockets, so one mechanism would be a consequence of that, and another might
>>> be due to the greater stability of the ocean in the warm season. I did not
>>> read the paper, but, once I got past some unclear wording, the sign sort of
>>> made sense.
>>> 
>>> Mike
>>> 
>>> 
>>> On 9/23/14 1:52 PM, "Ken Caldeira" <[email protected]
>>> <http://[email protected]> > wrote:
>>> Agree with Greg.
>>> 
>>> If there is any net effect of this process at all (relative to the no-ice
>>> situation) then quantitatively it must be tiny tiny tiny.
>>> 
>>> If the alkalinity represented by the Ca2+ in the CaCO3 was in the surface
>>> ocean with no ice, that would tend to draw CO2 into the ocean.
>>> 
>>> 
>>> _______________
>>> Ken Caldeira
>>> 
>>> Carnegie Institution for Science 
>>> Dept of Global Ecology
>>> 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
>>> +1 650 704 7212 <tel:%2B1%20650%20704%207212>  [email protected]
>>> <http://[email protected]>
>>> http://dge.stanford.edu/labs/caldeiralab  
>>> https://twitter.com/KenCaldeira
>>> 
>>> Assistant:  Dawn Ross <[email protected]
>>> <http://[email protected]> >
>>> 
>>> 
>>> On Wed, Sep 24, 2014 at 5:45 AM, Rau, Greg <[email protected]
>>> <http://[email protected]> > wrote:
>>> "A new study has revealed that Arctic Sea ice helps remove carbon dioxide
>>> from the atmosphere and its depletion would result in an increase of
>>> atmospheric concentration of the gas." [?!]
>>> 
>>> How does removing CO2 from air increase air CO2 concentrations? Anyway, can
>>> believe that CaCO3 precipitates and CO2 is generated as seawater freezes and
>>> brine is formed: Ca(HCO3)2aq ---> CaCO3s + CO2g + H2O.  But whether the CO2
>>> is then subducted with the sinking brine or degasses to the atmosphere would
>>> seem critical to the air/ocean CO2 budget. That some CaCO3s is entrained in
>>> the the ice seems logical, but how the preceding reaction is reversed to
>>> consume this carbonate and CO2 is unclear. There would need to be a way
>>> to concentrate CO2 to generate H2CO3 to then consume the CaCO3s to (re)make
>>> Ca(HCO3)2aq.  How does that happen? Anyway, if it does happen this would
>>> seem to offer a new explanation for glacial/ interglacial CO2 variations,
>>> not to mention a new method of modern day CDR - bomb sea ice sheets with
>>> limestone particles.  Beneficial "chemtrails on ice" ;-)
>>> Greg
>>>   
>>> 
>>> 
>>> From: [email protected]
>>> <http://[email protected]>  [[email protected]
>>> <http://[email protected]> ] on behalf of Andrew Lockley
>>> [[email protected] <http://[email protected]> ]
>>> Sent: Tuesday, September 23, 2014 4:56 AM
>>> To: geoengineering
>>> Subject: [geo] Arctic sea ice depletion to result in rise of CO2 in
>>> atmosphere | Zee News
>>> 
>>> http://zeenews.india.com/news/eco-news/arctic-sea-ice-depletion-to-result-in
>>> -rise-of-co2-in-atmosphere_1474406.html
>>> 
>>> Arctic sea ice depletion to result in rise of CO2 in atmosphere Last
>>> Updated: Tuesday, September 23, 2014 - 12:38
>>> 
>>> Washington: A new study has revealed that Arctic Sea ice helps remove carbon
>>> dioxide from the atmosphere and its depletion would result in an increase of
>>> atmospheric concentration of the gas.
>>> 
>>> Dorte Haubjerg Sogaard, PhD Fellow, Nordic Center for Earth Evolution,
>>> University of Southern Denmark and the Greenland Institute of Natural
>>> Resources, Nuuk, said that if their results are representative, then sea ice
>>> plays a greater role than expected, and we should take this into account in
>>> future global CO2 budgets.
>>> 
>>> The researchers said that they have long known that the Earth's oceans are
>>> able to absorb huge amounts of CO2. But they also thought that this did not
>>> apply to ocean areas covered by ice, because the ice was considered
>>> impenetrable. However, this is not true, as the new research shows that sea
>>> ice in the Arctic draws large amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere into the
>>> ocean.
>>> 
>>> Sogaard said that the chemical removal of CO2 in sea ice occurs in two
>>> phases. First crystals of calcium carbonate are formed in sea ice in winter.
>>> During this formation CO2 splits off and is dissolved in a heavy cold brine,
>>> which gets squeezed out of the ice and sinks into the deeper parts of the
>>> ocean. Calcium carbonate cannot move as freely as CO2 and therefore it stays
>>> in the sea ice. In summer, when the sea ice melts, calcium carbonate
>>> dissolves, and CO2 is needed for this process. Thus, CO2 gets drawn from the
>>> atmosphere into the ocean -and therefore CO2 gets removed from the
>>> atmosphere.
>>> 
>>> ANI
>>> 
> 
> 

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