Greg and list
My emphasis was intended to be on the words “low cost”. Your papers
have talked about $100/tonne CO2. Biochar is growing quite rapidly with no
present subsidies - mostly because of paybacks (even in year 1) in reduced
irrigation and fertilization costs and increased productivity. Only a few
receiving financial benefits from voluntary CDR payments today.
Ron
> On Apr 19, 2016, at 5:06 PM, Greg Rau <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> Ron,
> As for your point 4, the C negative H2 I'm talking about is powered by
> renewable electricity (or nuclear).
> The basic idea is: H2O + base minerals + CO2 + renewable Vdc ---> H2 + O2 +
> dissolved mineral bicarbonates (+ SiO2 if present).
> e.g. silicates -
> 4CO2g + 4H2O + Mg2SiO4s + Vdc ----> 2H2g + O2g + Mg2+ + 4HCO3- + SiO2s
> e.g. carbonates:
> CO2g + 2H2O + CaCO3s + Vdc ---->H2g + 1/2O2g + Ca2+ + 2HCO3-
> See the links I listed earlier.
> Furthermore, the energy cost of adding this CDR to electrolytic H2 production
> is theoretically near zero because bicarbonation of minerals is exothermic.
> CO2 consumed per H2 generated ranges from 22 to 44 (tonnes/tonne).
> G
>
>
> From: Ronal W. Larson <[email protected]>
> To: RAU greg <[email protected]>
> Cc: Stephen Salter <[email protected]>; Geoengineering
> <[email protected]>
> Sent: Tuesday, April 19, 2016 3:21 PM
> Subject: Re: [geo] March temperature smashes 100-year global record
>
> Greg, Stephen, list
>
> 1. Re Stephen’s idea: Sounds like an idea where the next step will
> have to be by the US air force (or someone’s military). Starting with 200
> passenger designs wouldn’t seem to go very far.
>
> 2. I have nothing against H2 for lighter than air craft - but Helium
> should be considered as well. I believe we are still venting a lot.
>
> 3. To get back onto the CDR aspects of this list (and costs lower than
> $100/tonne CO2) - there are companies talking co-products of biochar and jet
> fuel. Not happening now (I gather) because oil is $40/barrel - not the
> anticipated $100/bbl.
>
> 4. Is anyone talking about low cost CDR starting with either solar,
> wind, hydro, geothermal or other RE electric? Seems to me it has to be
> biochar.
>
> Ron
>
>
>
>> On Apr 18, 2016, at 11:40 AM, Greg Rau <[email protected]
>> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>>
>> Thanks, Stephen, that's a wonderful segway for our negative emissions H2:
>> http://www.pnas.org/content/110/25/10095.full
>> <http://www.pnas.org/content/110/25/10095.full>
>> http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b00875
>> <http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b00875>
>> Happy to provide all of the supergreen H2 you need (for a price).
>>
>> As for H2 aircraft and the landing problem, how about zeppelins? I know that
>> Hindenberg incident over here last century didn't help this technology (the
>> Led Zepplin album cover (not to mention what as inside) influenced an entire
>> generation), but why not put H2 to use both for lift and for propulsion?
>> Zepplins would also seem to satisfy Prof. Northcott's desire for more
>> civilized travel (his Action Item 11 below).
>>
>> Then there is Plan C - rockets. Rockets can use H2 as fuel, and Mr. Musk has
>> now demonstrated the soft vertical landing of such. Was that landing on a
>> rolling barge in the open ocean the most amazing engineering feat ever, or
>> is it just me? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8Ij4FwO0nI
>> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8Ij4FwO0nI>
>>
>> Regards,
>> Greg
>>
>>
>> From: Stephen Salter <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>>
>> To: [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>> Sent: Monday, April 18, 2016 2:23 AM
>> Subject: Re: [geo] March temperature smashes 100-year global record
>>
>> Hi All
>> One more possible option would be to use hydrogen for aircraft fuel. It has
>> a great weight advantage but also a severe volume disadvantage. This could
>> be partly overcome if we remove the landing gear and have planes landing on
>> ground vehicles.The landing gear on an Airbus 380 weighs the same as 200
>> passengers and their luggage.
>> A note with sketches is attached.
>> Stephen
>> Emeritus Professor of Engineering Design. School of Engineering, University
>> of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, Scotland [email protected]
>> <mailto:[email protected]>, Tel +44 (0)131 650 5704, Cell 07795 203 195,
>> WWW.homepages.ed.ac.uk/shs <http://www.homepages.ed.ac.uk/shs>, YouTube
>> Jamie Taylor Power for Change
>> On 18/04/2016 06:38, Greg Rau wrote:
>>> Dear Michael,
>>> Yes, we need "moral alternatives to the present madness", but just in case
>>> all of those suggested aren't adopted in the next few decades it would seem
>>> immoral not to at least hope for additional options just in case 1-11 don't
>>> pan out in time. As for crossing the the "large scale", "totalitarian" and
>>> "public debt" thresholds, something tells me that it's going to take some
>>> very large scale, draconian implementation to execute 1-11 in the dwindling
>>> time remaining, and many of these activities will require capital and
>>> investment from somewhere.
>>> Meanwhile, natural CDR seems to be doing a good job consuming more than
>>> half of our CO2 emissions and actually reversing the air CO2 rise for a
>>> period each year*. So given this positive example and the task we face,
>>> how immoral might it be to see if there are safe and cost effectively ways
>>> to increase or add to this natural CO2 uptake process just in case our
>>> journey on more virtuous paths to a stable planet proves to take longer
>>> than demanded by the recently lowered and oh so moral 1.5 Deg C warming
>>> limit?
>>>
>>> *
>>> <https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/wp-content/plugins/sio-bluemoon/graphs/mlo_two_years.pdf>https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/wp-content/plugins/sio-bluemoon/graphs/mlo_two_years.pdf
>>>
>>> <https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/wp-content/plugins/sio-bluemoon/graphs/mlo_two_years.pdf>
>>>
>>> Regards,
>>> Greg
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> From: NORTHCOTT Michael <[email protected]> <mailto:[email protected]>
>>> To: "[email protected]" <mailto:[email protected]>
>>> <[email protected]> <mailto:[email protected]>
>>> Cc: "[email protected]" <mailto:[email protected]> <[email protected]>
>>> <mailto:[email protected]>; "[email protected]"
>>> <mailto:[email protected]> <[email protected]>
>>> <mailto:[email protected]>; Greg Rau <[email protected]>
>>> <mailto:[email protected]>; James Hansen <[email protected]>
>>> <mailto:[email protected]>; P. Wadhams <[email protected]>
>>> <mailto:[email protected]>; John Topping <[email protected]>
>>> <mailto:[email protected]>; Robert Corell<[email protected]>
>>> <mailto:[email protected]>; Peter R Carter <[email protected]>
>>> <mailto:[email protected]>
>>> Sent: Sunday, April 17, 2016 12:25 PM
>>> Subject: Re: [geo] March temperature smashes 100-year global record
>>>
>>> Hi John
>>>
>>> The course of action to slow the rate of warming (it is 0.1 degree per
>>> decade not 0.2) and ultimately to stop it requires all of the following.
>>> Young people and climate activists the world over are calling for these
>>> things and campaigning actively and at cost of their freedom sometimes to
>>> bring them about:
>>>
>>> 1. Ending tropical forest burning
>>> 2. Stopping building of new coal and oil fired power stations (Turkey and
>>> India and S Africa are planning 100s) and ending coal extraction by China,
>>> Indonesia, and even Australia, Germany US and UK who have no conceivable
>>> need to continue extracting the stuff given the wealth already at the
>>> disposal of their citizens and corporations
>>> 3. Closing existing coal and oil fired electric power plants
>>> 4. Reforesting uplands, reducing sheep grazing, and increasing uptake of
>>> co2 in agric land with biochar, compost etc
>>> 5. Ending expansion of air sea and road travel and moving all road and sea
>>> travel to electric vehicles and wind. Rationing air travel to gradually
>>> shift international and national travellers to other means.
>>> 6. Moving all electricity production to renewable power and battery /
>>> reservoir storage of back up power.
>>> 7. Reengineering older buildings with insulation.
>>> 8. Requiring all new builds to generate own power and be zero carbon
>>> 9. Reducing shipping and flying of food by favouring local over global food
>>> production.
>>> 10. Ending large scale animal husbandry and moving mainstream human protein
>>> requirements to beans, vegetables etc.
>>> 11. Favour pedestrians, cyclists and electric bikes, segways, electric
>>> wheelchairs etc in all city planning and movement infrastructure
>>>
>>> Globally these measures would generate at least a billion of jobs, reduce
>>> deaths from pollution, and reduce health costs of cancers, heart disease,
>>> obesity and air pollution, and reduce concentrations of wealth by putting
>>> capacity to generate power, grow food and move around back in the hands of
>>> householders and local communities. None of them require large scale
>>> totalitarian and public debt-based technologies of the kind represented by
>>> CDR.
>>>
>>> We need moral alternatives to the present madness. We need to argue for
>>> them in every possible forum and embrace them ourselves. Arming the future
>>> against the sun is a counsel of despair.
>>>
>>> Regards
>>>
>>> Michael
>>>
>>> Professor of Ethics
>>> University of Edinburgh
>>>
>>>
>>> On 17 Apr 2016, at 17:10, John Nissen <
>>> <mailto:[email protected]>[email protected]
>>> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Dear Professor Mann,
>>>>
>>>> Most of us would like to keep global warming below 1.5C this century. But
>>>> we are way off course.
>>>>
>>>> Nobody likes to admit in public that we are already in dangerous
>>>> territory. But we are!
>>>>
>>>> The rate of global warming (near-surface temperature rise) could now
>>>> exceed 0.2 C per decade; CO2 is above 400 ppm (an excess of 120 ppm above
>>>> pre-industrial 280 ppm) of which most will remain this century due to
>>>> CO2's long lifetime in the atmosphere; and we have already had over 1 C
>>>> anthropogenic global warming (AGW). This means that, even with the most
>>>> drastic cut in CO2 emissions, we cannot avoid an extremely dangerous 3C
>>>> this century without aggressive CO2 removal (CDR). Indeed, if we want to
>>>> keep AGW below 1.5 C this century and halt ocean acidification, then we
>>>> need to get global warming rate down below 0.05 C per decade, i.e. less
>>>> than a quarter the current rate.
>>>>
>>>> Thus climate forcing has to be reduced by 75% within a decade or two, to
>>>> have a chance to keep below 1.5 C this century.
>>>>
>>>> Thus we have to reduce the CO2 level to around 210 ppm (30 ppm above
>>>> pre-industrial 280 ppm), and reduce methane from 1.8 ppm to around 1.0 ppm
>>>> in order to reduce their combined forcing by 75%. This assumes we
>>>> maintain aerosol cooling, especially the SO2 cooling from coal-fired power
>>>> stations.
>>>>
>>>> This is exacerbated by climate forcing from the Arctic, at around 0.5 W/m2
>>>> and rising exponentially as albedo loss accelerates.
>>>>
>>>> Therefore, in addition to urgent CO2 emissions reduction, we need (i)
>>>> aggressive CDR so that CO2 is soon being removed from the atmosphere
>>>> faster than than it is being emitted, (ii) suppression of methane
>>>> emissions, especially fugitive methane (iii) rapid cooling of the Arctic
>>>> to restore albedo, and (iv) maintenance of SO2 aerosol cooling, if global
>>>> warming is to be kept below 1.5 C this century.
>>>>
>>>> Do you agree or can you suggest an alternative course of action to avert
>>>> extreme danger?
>>>>
>>>> Kind regards,
>>>>
>>>> John Nissen
>>>> Chair, Arctic Methane Emergency Group (AMEG)
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Sun, Apr 17, 2016 at 3:22 AM, Greg Rau <[email protected]
>>>> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> <http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/15/march-temperature-smashes-100-year-global-record>http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/15/march-temperature-smashes-100-year-global-record
>>>>>
>>>>> <http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/15/march-temperature-smashes-100-year-global-record>
>>>>>
>>>> "The UK Met Office expects 2016 to set a new record
>>>> <http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/17/2016-set-to-be-hottest-year-on-record-globally>,
>>>> meaning the global temperature record is set to have been broken for
>>>> three years in a row.
>>>> Prof Michael Mann, a climate scientist at Penn State University in the US,
>>>> responded to the March data by saying: “Wow. I continue to be shocked by
>>>> what we are seeing.” He said the world had now been hovering close to the
>>>> threshold of “dangerous” warming for two months, something not seen before.
>>>> “The [new data] is a reminder of how perilously close we now are to
>>>> permanently crossing into dangerous territory,” Mann said. “It underscores
>>>> the urgency of reducing global carbon emissions.”
>>>> GR - and the need to seriously consider additional ways of managing CO2
>>>> and climate.
>>>> --
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>>>
>>> The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in
>>> Scotland, with registration number SC005336.
>>>
>>>
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