It might be possible to change the flow dynamics of glaciers forming carbon dioxide clathrates at the bottom of the glacier by carbon dioxide injection under specific conditions. Carbon dioxide clathrates melt at 80C which is above the temperature of the glacial melt water. The clathrates require energy input to reverse back to water and carbon dioxide. Klaus and I looked at storing CO2 in glaciers a number of years ago. We were thinking about capturing CO2 from the air and sticking it in the glaciers. Storing CO2 in glaciers could be a very large CO2 store if done correctly and in the right place. I talked to number of glacier experts at the time who made the connection that done right, the formed clathrates which are heavier than ice would migrate to the bottom of the glacier and act to stick the glacier to the bedrock. They mused that this would change the flow dynamics of the glacier but as we did not do further work on storing CO2 in glaciers, no one looked at this properly. It would probably work to hold back the glacier and could be used to store quite a lot of CO2 but only for time frames below 10,000 years (this said, some ices of the Eastern Antarctica Glacier are over 1 million years old). I would point out that without proper modelling, this is speculation at best. An individual glacier system would have to be modelled to get a more realistic idea if this would work or not. It is possible that sticking the bottom of the glacier to the bed rock could have unforeseen and worse impacts than doing nothing.
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