https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221209632100053X

>From moral hazard to risk-response feedback
Joseph Jebari, Olúfẹ́mi O.Táíwò, Talbot M. Andrews,  Valentina Aquila,
Brian Beckage, Mariia Belaia, Maggie Clifford, Jay Fuhrman, David P.
Keller, Katharine J. Mach, David R. Morrow, Kaitlin T. Raimi, Daniele
Visioni, Simon Nicholson, Christopher H. Trisos

Abstract

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessments (IPCC) Special
Report on 1.5 °C of global warming
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/global-warming>
is
clear. Nearly all pathways that hold global warming well below 2 °C involve
carbon removal (IPCC, 2015
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221209632100053X#b0065>).
In addition, solar geoengineering is being considered as a potential tool
to offset warming, especially to limit temperature until negative emissions
technologies are sufficiently matured (MacMartin et al., 2018
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221209632100053X#b0090>).
Despite this, there has been a reluctance to embrace carbon removal and
solar geoengineering, partly due to the perception that these technologies
represent what is widely termed a “moral hazard”: that geoengineering will
prevent people from developing the will to change their personal
consumption and push for changes in infrastructure (Robock et al., 2010
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221209632100053X#b0160>),
erode political will for emissions cuts (Keith, 2007
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221209632100053X#b0075>),
or otherwise stimulate increased carbon emissions
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/carbon-dioxide-emission>
at
the social-system level of analysis (Bunzl, 2008
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221209632100053X#b0030>).
These debates over carbon removal and geoengineering echo earlier ones over
climate adaptation. We argue that debates over “moral hazard” in many areas
of climate policy
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/climate-change-policy>
are
unhelpful and misleading. We also propose an alternative framework for
dealing with the tradeoffs
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/tradeoff>
that
motivate the appeal to “moral hazard,” which we call “risk-response
feedback.”

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