Has Andrew Lockley been punked along with James Temple? *Legal Planet '* s sober fisking of Make Sunsets failed to notice its executives most interesting potential liability defense — the ChatGPT AI did it !
Iseman & Song's offering website ran the following *Author's note: 99% of this blog post and title was written using the help of ChatGPT <https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/> and the hero image was generated using DreamStudio <https://beta.dreamstudio.ai/dream>. The title was generated based off the content of the blog post.* On Monday, January 2, 2023 at 11:34:05 AM UTC-5 Chris Vivian wrote: > Edward Parson has posted a commentary on Legal Planet about the Make > Sunsets concept - see - A Dangerous Disruption - Legal Planet > (legal-planet.org) > <https://legal-planet.org/2023/01/02/a-dangerous-disruption/> > > Chris. > > On Sunday, 1 January 2023 at 02:34:52 UTC Russell Seitz wrote: > >> When I was at MIT, "War Surplus " stores abounded in $5 canned hydrogen >> generators designed to fill radiosonde or life raft rescue balloons. The >> gizmo opened with a can of sardines key to expose the calcium hydride >> within to sea water, and filled the attached 1- meter balloon in about 15 >> minutes. >> >> Whereupon, it being sunset on the 4th of July on an easterly beach with a >> westerly wind, we attached a slow magnesium ribbon fuse and let it go . it >> traveled some miles downwind and rose perhaps one before exploding with a >> pale flash, but no audible pop >> >> The current low cost balloon record seems to be held by the 22 meter >> Le Ballon Air de Paris, filled with 6,000 m3 (210,000 cu ft) of helium >> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium> and terthered with a cable >> winch. It can board up to 30 tourists, max total weigh 2,500 kg >> (5,500 lb) whom it takes to 150 m (490 ft) above Paris. for 15 minuteas a >> apsesent fare of sixteen Euros a head. >> >> Though hardly stratospherics, that works out to $194 a tonne >> >> >> >> On Thursday, December 29, 2022 at 6:18:14 AM UTC-5 [email protected] >> wrote: >> >>> Andrew, >>> I used Hydrogen for 20 years to use for weather balloons. No problem , >>> even when one exploded fir a colleague in a balloon shed ( he has the doors >>> firmly closed and there was a leak , which he knew about). Probably >>> millions of radiosondes were launched with hydrogen. We had a fusion lab >>> where hydrogen was piped around the facility. However, in the Falklands >>> they had a hydrogen making device … ( solid + water). Now that was >>> dangerous. There was one hole in the ground in africa where a hydrogen >>> plant as above had been sited, but using the stuff is a safe. >>> obviously , if you plant a bomb nearby , little is safe ( what was the >>> actual cause of the hind disaster?) >>> >>> i predict trains / trucks / cars will soon be using the stuff. Far >>> greener than Li batteries and I think safer. Never mind the Co2 output. >>> An electric car costs more to produce as regards Co2 than a small petrol >>> car does ( + 70,000) miles of petrol. i should have bought an H2 car, but >>> the problem is there are / were on 11 charging stations in the YK and 8 of >>> them were in the M25 >>> A. >>> >>> T --- >>> Alan Gadian, UK. >>> Tel: +44 / 0 775 451 9009 >>> T --- >>> >>> On 29 Dec 2022, at 11:05, Andrew Lockley <[email protected]> wrote: >>> >>> >>> >>> Large weather balloons don't have much over pressure relative to volume, >>> so venting is a challenge. Valves and pumps add weight. Hydrogen has ground >>> handling risks, due to flammability (Hindenberg), and any leaks risk >>> buoyancy loss and the canopy descending loaded. The most extreme scenario >>> is that an out of control failed balloon descends into an enclosed building >>> through an open door, skylight, or Courtyard. In windy conditions, drift >>> into a small industrial unit is perfectly possible, through the roller >>> shutter doors - which could be automatically or accidentally closed behind, >>> trapping the balloon and its flammable payload. This could allow a loaded >>> canopy to leak out into a fully enclosed space, with ignition risks. >>> >>> While such scenarios appear outlandish, with thousands or millions of >>> launches, they become real risks. >>> >>> Andrew >>> >>> On Thu, 29 Dec 2022, 10:19 Stephen Salter, <[email protected]> wrote: >>> >>>> Hi >>>> >>>> I do not understand the bit about bursting. Control of a venting valve >>>> protects the balloon and allows release at the chosen altitude. >>>> >>>> Helium is irreplaceable and needed for super cooling. Is there a reason >>>> not to use hydrogen? >>>> >>>> Stephen >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> *Emeritus Professor of Engineering Design* >>>> >>>> *School of Engineering* >>>> >>>> *University of Edinburgh* >>>> >>>> *Mayfield Road* >>>> >>>> *Edinburgh EH9 3DW* >>>> >>>> *Scotland* >>>> >>>> *0131 650 5704 or 0131 662 1180* >>>> >>>> *YouTube Jamie Taylor Power for Change* >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> *From:* [email protected] <[email protected]> *On >>>> Behalf Of *Daniele Visioni >>>> *Sent:* 28 December 2022 23:51 >>>> *To:* [email protected] >>>> *Cc:* geoengineering <[email protected]> >>>> *Subject:* Re: [geo] Make Sunsets: Clarifications! >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> *This email was sent to you by someone outside the University.* >>>> >>>> You should only click on links or attachments if you are certain that >>>> the email is genuine and the content is safe. >>>> >>>> Luke, >>>> >>>> I will keep finding this rather murky as long as you keep being so >>>> hand-wavy about your numbers and then claiming you can offset a >>>> “substantial amount of warming” in your homepage. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> Weather balloons have different bursting altitudes depending on 1) >>>> payload 2) amount of helium used to inflate 3) material. >>>> >>>> You can find an example here with a calculator down below that lets you >>>> calculate max bursting height based on inflation >>>> >>>> https://www.highaltitudescience.com/products/near-space-balloon-1200-g >>>> >>>> Which balloons did you use? >>>> >>>> How much did you inflate them? >>>> >>>> Did you check with the producer if the mix of SO₂ and He in the balloon >>>> would affect their calculations, and if so how? >>>> >>>> The forcing we’re talking about changes depending on altitude of >>>> release as well: at 19 it’s different than at 25 (and depending on your >>>> definition, sometimes the tropopause is above 18km..), and above 29km >>>> sulfate aerosols evaporate because temperatures are too high to form >>>> liquid >>>> aerosols. If the balloon doesn’t burst at the right altitude, what would >>>> happen to the oxidized S is not so simple - frankly I don’t know the >>>> answer >>>> off the top of my head, there are a few factors that could influence this. >>>> Do you have studies showing what would happen there based on lack of water >>>> vapor and different temperature and OH levels? >>>> >>>> If you don’t - and you don’t have any tools to measure it yet - maybe >>>> you should at least tone down the claims already present on your website? >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> For some ranges of stratospheric releases of sulfate we have some >>>> numbers for SAI we can be somewhat confident about - not just in term of >>>> the forcing but in terms of downstream effects on the stratospheric >>>> composition - but this may not be true for what you are proposing or >>>> claiming you are doing. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> Lastly, in your Twitter account you claimed in a post 2 days ago that >>>> there are “supporters and scientists who believe in you”. I would avoid >>>> claiming you have the support of scientists if you don’t - or show proofs >>>> if you do. As far as any scientist I know is concerned they don’t seem >>>> particularly impressed - and your lack of clarity goes against any of the >>>> calls for open and transparent research (not to mention inclusive decision >>>> making) this community has asked in previous public statements. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> Daniele >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> On 28 Dec 2022, at 18:09, Luke Iseman <[email protected]> wrote: >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> Thanks Andrew, Olivier, Bala, and everyone else for diving in with >>>> critiques here. I'm a cofounder of Make Sunsets and want to clarify a few >>>> things: >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> *Honesty: * >>>> >>>> We have no desire to mislead anyone. If we make a mistake (which we >>>> will), we'll correct it. >>>> >>>> *Radiative Forcing:* >>>> >>>> I didn't make this "gram offsets a ton" number up. It comes from David >>>> Keith's research: >>>> >>>> "a gram of aerosol in the stratosphere, delivered perhaps by >>>> high-flying jets, could offset the warming effect of a ton of carbon >>>> dioxide, a factor of 1 million to 1." >>>> <https://keith.seas.harvard.edu/news/whats-right-temperature-earth> >>>> >>>> and, again: "Geoengineering’s leverage is very high—one gram of >>>> particles in the stratosphere prevents the warming caused by a ton of >>>> carbon dioxide." >>>> <https://longnow.org/seminars/02015/feb/17/patient-geoengineering/> >>>> >>>> By stating "offsetting the warming effect of 1 ton of carbon for 1 >>>> year," I was trying to be more conservative than Professor Keith. I am >>>> correcting "carbon" to read "carbon dioxide" on the cooling credit >>>> description right now, and I'm adding a paragraph at the start of the post >>>> stating that estimates vary, but a leading researcher cites a gram >>>> offsetting a ton. >>>> >>>> For the several hundred dollars of cooling credits we've already sold, >>>> I'll be providing evidence to each purchaser that I've delivered at least >>>> 2 >>>> grams per cooling credit. >>>> >>>> Olivier, or anyone else: I'd be happy to post something by you to our >>>> blog explaining what you estimate the radiative forcing of 1g so2 released >>>> at 20km altitude from in or near the tropics will be and why. I will >>>> include language of your choosing explaining that you in no way endorse >>>> what we are doing. >>>> >>>> I very much hope to get suggestions from this community on >>>> instrumentation we should fly to improve the state of the science here. >>>> Again, I'm happy to do this with disclaimers about how researchers we fly >>>> things for are not endorsing our efforts. Or even without revealing who >>>> the >>>> researchers are: we'll fly test instruments and provide data, no questions >>>> asked:) >>>> >>>> *Telemetry: * >>>> >>>> My first 2 flights had no telemetry: in April, this was still in >>>> self-funded science project territory. After burning some sulfur and >>>> capturing the resultant gas, I placed this in a balloon. I then added >>>> helium, underinflating the balloon substantially, and let it go. There is >>>> technically a slim possibility that neither of these balloons reached the >>>> stratosphere, as I acknowledged to the Technology Review reporter. I will >>>> add Spot trackers to my next flights. These cut out at 18km, so I'l be >>>> able >>>> to confirm that I achieve at least this altitude. If (and this is a big >>>> if) >>>> I'm able to recover the balloons, I'll have a lot more data from the >>>> flight >>>> computer >>>> <https://www.highaltitudescience.com/collections/electronics/products/eagle-flight-computer>. >>>> >>>> I will eventually switch to Swarms >>>> <https://www.sparkfun.com/products/19236?utm_campaign=May%206%2C%202022&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=212205037&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-9EyQOQ6C-9XuSOHa7CggOC8Pf2tEow_Fppo5pXgTHO8-7gV-aHrrYpnPcliws6Ju8j2PBAX3Tkog0oVpwk8XqWX2xo0w&utm_content=212206499&utm_source=hs_email>, >>>> >>>> which should let me transmit more data regardless of balloon recovery. >>>> >>>> *Pricing: * >>>> >>>> Bala, you're totally right that this should be priced much lower. We're >>>> trying to make enough with our early flights to stay in business until we >>>> get meaningful traction with customers, and we plan to eventually drop >>>> prices to $1 per ton or less. >>>> >>>> *Reuse: * >>>> >>>> We are not yet reusing balloons, and Andrew is correct that latex UV >>>> degradation will limit our ability to do so with weather balloons. Given >>>> that balloon cost is our main expense per gram, even a few uses per >>>> balloon >>>> will dramatically improve the economics here. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> I expect to disagree with some of you, but I hope we can do so politely >>>> and assuming good intentions. >>>> >>>> -- >>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>> Groups "geoengineering" group. >>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>>> an email to [email protected]. >>>> To view this discussion on the web visit >>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/550ec54e-4b36-4b6e-b4be-834229c870cen%40googlegroups.com >>>> >>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/550ec54e-4b36-4b6e-b4be-834229c870cen%40googlegroups.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>> . >>>> >>>> -- >>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>> Groups "geoengineering" group. >>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>>> an email to [email protected]. >>>> To view this discussion on the web visit >>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/9942AB80-E648-4DCE-8E51-B7FC7EFF1352%40gmail.com >>>> >>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/9942AB80-E648-4DCE-8E51-B7FC7EFF1352%40gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>> . >>>> The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in >>>> Scotland, with registration number SC005336. Is e buidheann carthannais a >>>> th’ ann an Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann, clàraichte an Alba, àireamh clàraidh >>>> SC005336. >>>> >>>> -- >>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>> Groups "geoengineering" group. >>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>>> an email to [email protected]. >>>> To view this discussion on the web visit >>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/AM8PR05MB80359D6D052CF2BA3940E360A7F39%40AM8PR05MB8035.eurprd05.prod.outlook.com >>>> >>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/AM8PR05MB80359D6D052CF2BA3940E360A7F39%40AM8PR05MB8035.eurprd05.prod.outlook.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>> . >>>> >>> -- >>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>> Groups "geoengineering" group. >>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>> an email to [email protected]. >>> >>> To view this discussion on the web visit >>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/CAJ3C-05k%2BYfdjymwSQ2o%3D4J0fpnYJ%3D03r8OtiorsaAT2mSiKJQ%40mail.gmail.com >>> >>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/CAJ3C-05k%2BYfdjymwSQ2o%3D4J0fpnYJ%3D03r8OtiorsaAT2mSiKJQ%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>> . >>> >>> -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "geoengineering" group. 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