https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146290112500303X?via%3Dihub

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146290112500303X?via%3Dihub

*Authors: *Benjamin K. Sovacool, Livia Fritz, Chad M. Baum, Lucilla Losi,
Ramit Debnath, Hans Jakob Walnum, Finn Müller-Hansen, Elina Brutschin g

*23 November 2025*

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104287

*Highlights*
•Examines public perceptions of climate interventions in Austria, Germany,
Italy, Norway and UK.

•Combines this quantitative data with qualitative data from a total of 10
focus groups.

•Finds that public concerns can be thematically organized across change
attitudes, technology, and governance.

•Offers comparative assessment of familiarity, policy support,
environmental identity, and trust, among others.

*Abstract*
Climate interventions such as carbon removal and solar radiation management
are now being considered by researchers, policymakers, and the private
sector to address climate change. We examine European public perceptions of
these interventions through five nationally representative surveys: Austria
(N = 1005), Germany (N = 1025), Italy (N = 1002), Norway (N = 1002) and the
United Kingdom (N = 1028). We combine this quantitative data with
qualitative data from a total of 10 focus groups, with one urban and one
rural focus group in each country. We find that public concerns within the
five countries can be organized into themes such as climate change
attitudes, technology perceptions, and governance. We also offer a
comparative assessment of public perceptions organized around the
relational themes of familiarity, policy support, aversion to tampering
with nature, environmental identity, trust in actors, and experiences of
climate change. Stated knowledge and familiarity with carbon removal and
solar radiation management influence attitudes towards climate
interventions. The great variety of attitudes and preferences confounds
attempts to push climate policy or oversight of climate interventions
towards applying “one-size-fits-all” policy options. Engaging with these
diverse views in the policy process is therefore crucial for equitable
deployment and minimizing societal backlash.

*Source: ScienceDirect *

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