bkietz commented on a change in pull request #8894:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/8894#discussion_r545387491



##########
File path: cpp/src/arrow/dataset/expression.cc
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,1177 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include "arrow/dataset/expression.h"
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include "arrow/chunked_array.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec_internal.h"
+#include "arrow/dataset/expression_internal.h"
+#include "arrow/io/memory.h"
+#include "arrow/ipc/reader.h"
+#include "arrow/ipc/writer.h"
+#include "arrow/util/key_value_metadata.h"
+#include "arrow/util/logging.h"
+#include "arrow/util/optional.h"
+#include "arrow/util/string.h"
+#include "arrow/util/value_parsing.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+
+using internal::checked_cast;
+using internal::checked_pointer_cast;
+
+namespace dataset {
+
+Expression::Expression(Call call) : 
impl_(std::make_shared<Impl>(std::move(call))) {}
+
+Expression::Expression(Datum literal)
+    : impl_(std::make_shared<Impl>(std::move(literal))) {}
+
+Expression::Expression(Parameter parameter)
+    : impl_(std::make_shared<Impl>(std::move(parameter))) {}
+
+Expression literal(Datum lit) { return Expression(std::move(lit)); }
+
+Expression field_ref(FieldRef ref) {
+  return Expression(Expression::Parameter{std::move(ref), {}});
+}
+
+Expression call(std::string function, std::vector<Expression> arguments,
+                std::shared_ptr<compute::FunctionOptions> options) {
+  Expression::Call call;
+  call.function_name = std::move(function);
+  call.arguments = std::move(arguments);
+  call.options = std::move(options);
+  return Expression(std::move(call));
+}
+
+const Datum* Expression::literal() const { return 
util::get_if<Datum>(impl_.get()); }
+
+const FieldRef* Expression::field_ref() const {
+  if (auto parameter = util::get_if<Parameter>(impl_.get())) {
+    return &parameter->ref;
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const Expression::Call* Expression::call() const {
+  return util::get_if<Call>(impl_.get());
+}
+
+ValueDescr Expression::descr() const {
+  if (impl_ == nullptr) return {};
+
+  if (auto lit = literal()) {
+    return lit->descr();
+  }
+
+  if (auto parameter = util::get_if<Parameter>(impl_.get())) {
+    return parameter->descr;
+  }
+
+  return CallNotNull(*this)->descr;
+}
+
+std::string Expression::ToString() const {
+  if (auto lit = literal()) {
+    if (lit->is_scalar()) {
+      switch (lit->type()->id()) {
+        case Type::STRING:
+        case Type::LARGE_STRING:
+          return '"' +
+                 
Escape(util::string_view(*lit->scalar_as<BaseBinaryScalar>().value)) +
+                 '"';
+
+        case Type::BINARY:
+        case Type::FIXED_SIZE_BINARY:
+        case Type::LARGE_BINARY:
+          return '"' + lit->scalar_as<BaseBinaryScalar>().value->ToHexString() 
+ '"';
+
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+      return lit->scalar()->ToString();
+    }
+    return lit->ToString();
+  }
+
+  if (auto ref = field_ref()) {
+    if (auto name = ref->name()) {
+      return *name;
+    }
+    if (auto path = ref->field_path()) {
+      return path->ToString();
+    }
+    return ref->ToString();
+  }
+
+  auto call = CallNotNull(*this);
+  auto binary = [&](std::string op) {
+    return "(" + call->arguments[0].ToString() + " " + op + " " +
+           call->arguments[1].ToString() + ")";
+  };
+
+  if (auto cmp = Comparison::Get(call->function_name)) {
+    return binary(Comparison::GetOp(*cmp));
+  }
+
+  constexpr util::string_view kleene = "_kleene";
+  if (util::string_view{call->function_name}.ends_with(kleene)) {
+    auto op = call->function_name.substr(0, call->function_name.size() - 
kleene.size());
+    return binary(std::move(op));
+  }
+
+  if (auto options = GetStructOptions(*call)) {
+    std::string out = "{";
+    auto argument = call->arguments.begin();
+    for (const auto& field_name : options->field_names) {
+      out += field_name + "=" + argument++->ToString() + ", ";
+    }
+    out.resize(out.size() - 1);
+    out.back() = '}';
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  std::string out = call->function_name + "(";
+  for (const auto& arg : call->arguments) {
+    out += arg.ToString() + ", ";
+  }
+
+  if (call->options == nullptr) {
+    out.resize(out.size() - 1);
+    out.back() = ')';
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  if (auto options = GetSetLookupOptions(*call)) {
+    DCHECK_EQ(options->value_set.kind(), Datum::ARRAY);
+    out += "value_set=" + options->value_set.make_array()->ToString();
+    if (options->skip_nulls) {
+      out += ", skip_nulls";
+    }
+    return out + ")";
+  }
+
+  if (auto options = GetCastOptions(*call)) {
+    if (options->to_type == nullptr) {
+      return out + "to_type=<INVALID NOT PROVIDED>)";
+    }
+    out += "to_type=" + options->to_type->ToString();
+    if (options->allow_int_overflow) out += ", allow_int_overflow";
+    if (options->allow_time_truncate) out += ", allow_time_truncate";
+    if (options->allow_time_overflow) out += ", allow_time_overflow";
+    if (options->allow_decimal_truncate) out += ", allow_decimal_truncate";
+    if (options->allow_float_truncate) out += ", allow_float_truncate";
+    if (options->allow_invalid_utf8) out += ", allow_invalid_utf8";
+    return out + ")";
+  }
+
+  if (auto options = GetStrptimeOptions(*call)) {
+    return out + "format=" + options->format +
+           ", unit=" + internal::ToString(options->unit) + ")";
+  }
+
+  return out + "{NON-REPRESENTABLE OPTIONS})";
+}
+
+void PrintTo(const Expression& expr, std::ostream* os) {
+  *os << expr.ToString();
+  if (expr.IsBound()) {
+    *os << "[bound]";
+  }
+}
+
+bool Expression::Equals(const Expression& other) const {
+  if (Identical(*this, other)) return true;
+
+  if (impl_->index() != other.impl_->index()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (auto lit = literal()) {
+    return lit->Equals(*other.literal());
+  }
+
+  if (auto ref = field_ref()) {
+    return ref->Equals(*other.field_ref());
+  }
+
+  auto call = CallNotNull(*this);
+  auto other_call = CallNotNull(other);
+
+  if (call->function_name != other_call->function_name ||
+      call->kernel != other_call->kernel) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < call->arguments.size(); ++i) {
+    if (!call->arguments[i].Equals(other_call->arguments[i])) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (call->options == other_call->options) return true;
+
+  if (auto options = GetSetLookupOptions(*call)) {
+    auto other_options = GetSetLookupOptions(*other_call);
+    return options->value_set == other_options->value_set &&
+           options->skip_nulls == other_options->skip_nulls;
+  }
+
+  if (auto options = GetCastOptions(*call)) {
+    auto other_options = GetCastOptions(*other_call);
+    for (auto safety_opt : {
+             &compute::CastOptions::allow_int_overflow,
+             &compute::CastOptions::allow_time_truncate,
+             &compute::CastOptions::allow_time_overflow,
+             &compute::CastOptions::allow_decimal_truncate,
+             &compute::CastOptions::allow_float_truncate,
+             &compute::CastOptions::allow_invalid_utf8,
+         }) {
+      if (options->*safety_opt != other_options->*safety_opt) return false;
+    }
+    return options->to_type->Equals(other_options->to_type);
+  }
+
+  if (auto options = GetStructOptions(*call)) {
+    auto other_options = GetStructOptions(*other_call);
+    return options->field_names == other_options->field_names;
+  }
+
+  if (auto options = GetStrptimeOptions(*call)) {
+    auto other_options = GetStrptimeOptions(*other_call);
+    return options->format == other_options->format &&
+           options->unit == other_options->unit;
+  }
+
+  ARROW_LOG(WARNING) << "comparing unknown FunctionOptions for function "
+                     << call->function_name;
+  return false;
+}
+
+size_t Expression::hash() const {
+  if (auto lit = literal()) {
+    if (lit->is_scalar()) {
+      return Scalar::Hash::hash(*lit->scalar());
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (auto ref = field_ref()) {
+    return ref->hash();
+  }
+
+  auto call = CallNotNull(*this);
+
+  size_t out = std::hash<std::string>{}(call->function_name);
+  for (const auto& arg : call->arguments) {
+    out ^= arg.hash();
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+bool Expression::IsBound() const {
+  if (descr().type == nullptr) return false;
+
+  if (auto lit = literal()) return true;
+
+  if (auto ref = field_ref()) return true;
+
+  auto call = CallNotNull(*this);
+
+  for (const Expression& arg : call->arguments) {
+    if (!arg.IsBound()) return false;
+  }
+
+  return call->kernel != nullptr;
+}
+
+bool Expression::IsScalarExpression() const {
+  if (auto lit = literal()) {
+    return lit->is_scalar();
+  }
+
+  // FIXME handle case where a list's item field is referenced

Review comment:
       Projection of `i32, list.item` is not something I'm sure how to handle 
yet; for example given a batch
   ```
   {"i32": 0, "list": [1,2,3]}
   {"i32": 1, "list": [4,5,6]}
   ```
   what does filtering on `list.item == 3` yield?




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