neilechao commented on code in PR #45375:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/45375#discussion_r2025232060


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cpp/src/parquet/arrow/variant.h:
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@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "arrow/extension_type.h"
+#include "parquet/platform.h"
+
+namespace parquet::arrow {
+
+/// EXPERIMENTAL: Variant is not yet fully supported.
+///
+/// Variant supports semi-structured objects that can be composed of
+/// primitives, arrays, and objects, which can be queried by path.
+/// An unshredded variant contains two binaries, one for the metadata and
+/// one for the value.
+///
+/// To read more about variant encoding, see the variant encoding spec at
+/// https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/VariantEncoding.md
+class PARQUET_EXPORT VariantExtensionType : public ::arrow::ExtensionType {
+ public:
+  explicit VariantExtensionType(const std::shared_ptr<::arrow::DataType>& 
storage_type)
+      : ::arrow::ExtensionType(std::move(storage_type)) {}
+
+  std::string extension_name() const override { return "parquet.variant"; }
+
+  bool ExtensionEquals(const ::arrow::ExtensionType& other) const override;
+
+  ::arrow::Result<std::shared_ptr<::arrow::DataType>> Deserialize(
+      std::shared_ptr<::arrow::DataType> storage_type,
+      const std::string& serialized_data) const override;
+
+  std::string Serialize() const override;
+
+  std::shared_ptr<::arrow::Array> MakeArray(
+      std::shared_ptr<::arrow::ArrayData> data) const override;
+
+  static ::arrow::Result<std::shared_ptr<::arrow::DataType>> Make(
+      std::shared_ptr<::arrow::DataType> storage_type);
+
+  static bool IsSupportedStorageType(
+      const std::shared_ptr<::arrow::DataType>& storage_type);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<::arrow::Field> metadata_field() const { return 
children_.at(0); }

Review Comment:
   It is in the Arrow DataType class, but I'm going to remove this since the 
spec doesn't enforce ordering of the fields.
   
   In a followup PR, my plan is to parse the unshredded variant and explicitly 
set the metadata and value fields (shared_ptrs) and add some testing around 
their access



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