sunchao commented on code in PR #5415:
URL: https://github.com/apache/datafusion-comet/pull/5415#discussion_r3836596233


##########
spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/expressions/CometRegex.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.comet.expressions
+
+import org.apache.comet.serde.{Compatible, Incompatible, SupportLevel}
+
+/**
+ * Regex flavor for [[CometRegex]]. The first version only implements 
[[RegexFlavor.RLike]]; later
+ * flavors (for example `regexp_replace` / `split`) can add extra reject rules 
such as empty-match
+ * divergence without changing the scanner's whitelist core.
+ */
+sealed trait RegexFlavor
+
+object RegexFlavor {
+  case object RLike extends RegexFlavor
+}
+
+/**
+ * Plan-time whitelist analyzer for literal Java regex patterns. A pattern is 
[[Compatible]] only
+ * when every construct is one the analyzer positively recognizes as 
equivalent on Spark's
+ * `java.util.regex` engine and Comet's Rust `regex` crate. Anything 
unrecognized is
+ * [[Incompatible]]: the safe direction, so a missed construct never silently 
takes the native
+ * path.
+ *
+ * This is a recursive-descent scan, not a search for forbidden substrings. 
`[(?=]` is a character
+ * class of literals, not a lookahead; `\\d` is a literal backslash plus `d`, 
not a digit class.
+ */
+object CometRegex {
+
+  def supportLevel(pattern: String, flavor: RegexFlavor = RegexFlavor.RLike): 
SupportLevel = {
+    flavor match {
+      case RegexFlavor.RLike =>
+        val scanner = new Scanner(pattern)
+        if (scanner.parseExpr() && !scanner.remaining) {
+          Compatible()
+        } else {
+          Incompatible(None)
+        }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private val MetaEscapes: Set[Char] =
+    Set('.', '*', '+', '?', '(', ')', '[', ']', '{', '}', '|', '^', '$', '\\')
+
+  private class Scanner(pattern: String) {
+    private var i = 0
+
+    def remaining: Boolean = i < pattern.length
+
+    private def peek: Char = pattern.charAt(i)
+
+    private def peekOffset(n: Int): Option[Char] = {
+      val idx = i + n
+      if (idx < pattern.length) Some(pattern.charAt(idx)) else None
+    }
+
+    private def consume(): Char = {
+      val c = peek
+      i += 1
+      c
+    }
+
+    private def startsWith(s: String): Boolean = pattern.startsWith(s, i)
+
+    def parseExpr(): Boolean = {
+      if (!parseTerm()) {
+        return false
+      }
+      while (remaining && peek == '|') {
+        consume()
+        if (!parseTerm()) {
+          return false
+        }
+      }
+      true
+    }
+
+    private def parseTerm(): Boolean = {
+      while (remaining && peek != '|' && peek != ')') {
+        if (!parseFactor()) {
+          return false
+        }
+      }
+      true
+    }
+
+    private def parseFactor(): Boolean = {
+      if (!parseAtom()) {
+        return false
+      }
+      parseOptionalQuantifier()
+    }
+
+    private def parseAtom(): Boolean = {
+      if (!remaining) {
+        return false
+      }
+      peek match {
+        case '\\' => parseEscape(inClass = false).isDefined
+        case '[' => parseClass()
+        case '(' => parseGroup()
+        case '.' | '^' | '$' | '*' | '+' | '?' | '{' | '}' | ')' | ']' | '|' =>
+          false
+        case c if isPrintableAscii(c) =>
+          consume()
+          true
+        case _ => false
+      }
+    }
+
+    private def parseGroup(): Boolean = {
+      consume() // '('
+      if (!remaining) {
+        return false
+      }
+      if (startsWith("?:")) {
+        i += 2
+      } else if (peek == '?') {
+        // lookaround, flags, named groups, atomic groups, comments, ...
+        return false
+      }
+      if (!parseExpr()) {
+        return false
+      }
+      remaining && consume() == ')'
+    }
+
+    private def parseOptionalQuantifier(): Boolean = {
+      if (!remaining) {
+        return true
+      }
+      peek match {
+        case '*' | '+' | '?' =>
+          consume()
+          if (remaining && (peek == '+' || peek == '?')) {
+            // possessive or lazy
+            false
+          } else {
+            true
+          }
+        case '{' => parseCountedQuantifier()
+        case _ => true
+      }
+    }
+
+    private def parseCountedQuantifier(): Boolean = {
+      consume() // '{'
+      val n = parseNonNegInt() match {
+        case Some(v) => v
+        case None => return false
+      }
+      if (!remaining) {
+        return false
+      }
+      peek match {
+        case '}' =>
+          consume()
+          !isLazyOrPossessiveSuffix
+        case ',' =>
+          consume()
+          if (!remaining) {
+            return false
+          }
+          if (peek == '}') {
+            consume()
+            !isLazyOrPossessiveSuffix
+          } else {
+            val m = parseNonNegInt() match {
+              case Some(v) => v
+              case None => return false
+            }
+            if (m < n) {
+              return false
+            }
+            remaining && consume() == '}' && !isLazyOrPossessiveSuffix
+          }
+        case _ => false
+      }
+    }
+
+    private def isLazyOrPossessiveSuffix: Boolean =
+      remaining && (peek == '+' || peek == '?')
+
+    private def parseNonNegInt(): Option[Int] = {
+      if (!remaining || !isAsciiDigit(peek)) {
+        return None
+      }
+      var v = 0L
+      while (remaining && isAsciiDigit(peek)) {
+        v = v * 10 + (consume() - '0')
+        if (v > Int.MaxValue) {
+          return None
+        }
+      }
+      Some(v.toInt)
+    }
+
+    private def parseClass(): Boolean = {
+      consume() // '['
+      if (remaining && peek == '^') {
+        consume()
+      }
+      var contentStarted = false
+      var lastAtom: Option[Char] = None
+      while (remaining && !(peek == ']' && contentStarted)) {
+        if (startsWith("&&") || peek == '[') {
+          return false
+        }
+        val ranging = lastAtom.isDefined && peek == '-' && 
peekOffset(1).exists(_ != ']')
+        if (ranging) {
+          consume() // '-'
+          parseClassAtom() match {
+            case Some(end) if end >= lastAtom.get =>

Review Comment:
   [P2] Reject ranges starting at an unescaped leading closing bracket
   
   The initial literal `]` is stored in `lastAtom` and then accepted as a range 
endpoint. For the admitted pattern `[]-a]`, Java/Spark interpret the range from 
`]` through `a`, but Rust treats this spelling as the literals `]`, `-`, and 
`a`. On both Spark 3.5.9 and 4.0.4, interpreted and generated evaluation return 
`true` for `_` and `false` for `-`; the locked native regex returns the 
opposite results. The negated form also differs. This default-native 
wrong-answer case contains neither `~~` nor `--`, so rejecting set operators 
alone will not fix it. Reject this class-boundary form, or normalize it only 
after establishing equivalent semantics, and cover both positive and negated 
variants.



##########
spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/expressions/CometRegex.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.comet.expressions
+
+import org.apache.comet.serde.{Compatible, Incompatible, SupportLevel}
+
+/**
+ * Regex flavor for [[CometRegex]]. The first version only implements 
[[RegexFlavor.RLike]]; later
+ * flavors (for example `regexp_replace` / `split`) can add extra reject rules 
such as empty-match
+ * divergence without changing the scanner's whitelist core.
+ */
+sealed trait RegexFlavor
+
+object RegexFlavor {
+  case object RLike extends RegexFlavor
+}
+
+/**
+ * Plan-time whitelist analyzer for literal Java regex patterns. A pattern is 
[[Compatible]] only
+ * when every construct is one the analyzer positively recognizes as 
equivalent on Spark's
+ * `java.util.regex` engine and Comet's Rust `regex` crate. Anything 
unrecognized is
+ * [[Incompatible]]: the safe direction, so a missed construct never silently 
takes the native
+ * path.
+ *
+ * This is a recursive-descent scan, not a search for forbidden substrings. 
`[(?=]` is a character
+ * class of literals, not a lookahead; `\\d` is a literal backslash plus `d`, 
not a digit class.
+ */
+object CometRegex {
+
+  def supportLevel(pattern: String, flavor: RegexFlavor = RegexFlavor.RLike): 
SupportLevel = {
+    flavor match {
+      case RegexFlavor.RLike =>
+        val scanner = new Scanner(pattern)
+        if (scanner.parseExpr() && !scanner.remaining) {
+          Compatible()

Review Comment:
   [P2] Preserve JVM routing for patterns beyond native compile limits
   
   Successful syntax scanning does not ensure `Regex::new` can compile the 
pattern. For example, this analyzer admits `[^;]{20000}` and `a{1000000}`; real 
Spark 3.5.9/4.0.4 evaluate them on a column containing `a` as `false`, but the 
locked Rust engine rejects both with `Compiled regex exceeds size limit of 
10485760 bytes.` Nested counted repetitions have the same problem, and 251 
nested groups exceed Rust's separate depth limit while succeeding in Spark. The 
unchanged `RLike::try_new` and native builder propagate these errors from plan 
creation, with no dispatcher retry, so previously successful default-config 
queries now fail without opt-in. Require conservative native size/depth 
applicability or a reliable compilation-validation/fallback path before 
returning `Compatible`.



##########
spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/expressions/CometRegex.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.comet.expressions
+
+import org.apache.comet.serde.{Compatible, Incompatible, SupportLevel}
+
+/**
+ * Regex flavor for [[CometRegex]]. The first version only implements 
[[RegexFlavor.RLike]]; later
+ * flavors (for example `regexp_replace` / `split`) can add extra reject rules 
such as empty-match
+ * divergence without changing the scanner's whitelist core.
+ */
+sealed trait RegexFlavor
+
+object RegexFlavor {
+  case object RLike extends RegexFlavor
+}
+
+/**
+ * Plan-time whitelist analyzer for literal Java regex patterns. A pattern is 
[[Compatible]] only
+ * when every construct is one the analyzer positively recognizes as 
equivalent on Spark's
+ * `java.util.regex` engine and Comet's Rust `regex` crate. Anything 
unrecognized is
+ * [[Incompatible]]: the safe direction, so a missed construct never silently 
takes the native
+ * path.
+ *
+ * This is a recursive-descent scan, not a search for forbidden substrings. 
`[(?=]` is a character
+ * class of literals, not a lookahead; `\\d` is a literal backslash plus `d`, 
not a digit class.
+ */
+object CometRegex {
+
+  def supportLevel(pattern: String, flavor: RegexFlavor = RegexFlavor.RLike): 
SupportLevel = {
+    flavor match {
+      case RegexFlavor.RLike =>
+        val scanner = new Scanner(pattern)
+        if (scanner.parseExpr() && !scanner.remaining) {
+          Compatible()
+        } else {
+          Incompatible(None)
+        }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private val MetaEscapes: Set[Char] =
+    Set('.', '*', '+', '?', '(', ')', '[', ']', '{', '}', '|', '^', '$', '\\')
+
+  private class Scanner(pattern: String) {
+    private var i = 0
+
+    def remaining: Boolean = i < pattern.length
+
+    private def peek: Char = pattern.charAt(i)
+
+    private def peekOffset(n: Int): Option[Char] = {
+      val idx = i + n
+      if (idx < pattern.length) Some(pattern.charAt(idx)) else None
+    }
+
+    private def consume(): Char = {
+      val c = peek
+      i += 1
+      c
+    }
+
+    private def startsWith(s: String): Boolean = pattern.startsWith(s, i)
+
+    def parseExpr(): Boolean = {
+      if (!parseTerm()) {
+        return false
+      }
+      while (remaining && peek == '|') {
+        consume()
+        if (!parseTerm()) {
+          return false
+        }
+      }
+      true
+    }
+
+    private def parseTerm(): Boolean = {
+      while (remaining && peek != '|' && peek != ')') {
+        if (!parseFactor()) {
+          return false
+        }
+      }
+      true
+    }
+
+    private def parseFactor(): Boolean = {
+      if (!parseAtom()) {
+        return false
+      }
+      parseOptionalQuantifier()
+    }
+
+    private def parseAtom(): Boolean = {
+      if (!remaining) {
+        return false
+      }
+      peek match {
+        case '\\' => parseEscape(inClass = false).isDefined
+        case '[' => parseClass()
+        case '(' => parseGroup()
+        case '.' | '^' | '$' | '*' | '+' | '?' | '{' | '}' | ')' | ']' | '|' =>
+          false
+        case c if isPrintableAscii(c) =>
+          consume()
+          true
+        case _ => false
+      }
+    }
+
+    private def parseGroup(): Boolean = {
+      consume() // '('
+      if (!remaining) {
+        return false
+      }
+      if (startsWith("?:")) {
+        i += 2
+      } else if (peek == '?') {
+        // lookaround, flags, named groups, atomic groups, comments, ...
+        return false
+      }
+      if (!parseExpr()) {
+        return false
+      }
+      remaining && consume() == ')'
+    }
+
+    private def parseOptionalQuantifier(): Boolean = {
+      if (!remaining) {
+        return true
+      }
+      peek match {
+        case '*' | '+' | '?' =>
+          consume()
+          if (remaining && (peek == '+' || peek == '?')) {
+            // possessive or lazy
+            false
+          } else {
+            true
+          }
+        case '{' => parseCountedQuantifier()
+        case _ => true
+      }
+    }
+
+    private def parseCountedQuantifier(): Boolean = {
+      consume() // '{'
+      val n = parseNonNegInt() match {
+        case Some(v) => v
+        case None => return false
+      }
+      if (!remaining) {
+        return false
+      }
+      peek match {
+        case '}' =>
+          consume()
+          !isLazyOrPossessiveSuffix
+        case ',' =>
+          consume()
+          if (!remaining) {
+            return false
+          }
+          if (peek == '}') {
+            consume()
+            !isLazyOrPossessiveSuffix
+          } else {
+            val m = parseNonNegInt() match {
+              case Some(v) => v
+              case None => return false
+            }
+            if (m < n) {
+              return false
+            }
+            remaining && consume() == '}' && !isLazyOrPossessiveSuffix
+          }
+        case _ => false
+      }
+    }
+
+    private def isLazyOrPossessiveSuffix: Boolean =
+      remaining && (peek == '+' || peek == '?')
+
+    private def parseNonNegInt(): Option[Int] = {
+      if (!remaining || !isAsciiDigit(peek)) {
+        return None
+      }
+      var v = 0L
+      while (remaining && isAsciiDigit(peek)) {
+        v = v * 10 + (consume() - '0')
+        if (v > Int.MaxValue) {
+          return None
+        }
+      }
+      Some(v.toInt)
+    }
+
+    private def parseClass(): Boolean = {
+      consume() // '['
+      if (remaining && peek == '^') {
+        consume()
+      }
+      var contentStarted = false
+      var lastAtom: Option[Char] = None
+      while (remaining && !(peek == ']' && contentStarted)) {
+        if (startsWith("&&") || peek == '[') {
+          return false
+        }

Review Comment:
   [P2] Exclude Rust-only class operators from automatic native routing
   
   This gate rejects `&&` but admits `~~` and subtraction forms such as 
`[a-z--b]`. The pinned analyzer returns `Compatible` for `[a~~b]`; Spark 
3.5.9/4.0.4 return `true` on subject `~`, while the locked Rust regex 1.13.1 
returns `false` because `~~` is symmetric difference. Likewise, `[a-z--b]` 
matches `b` in Spark but not Rust. I verified the Spark results in both 
interpreted and generated evaluation with a non-foldable input. Since 
`CometRLike.convert` now sends these literals to the unchanged native matcher 
without `allowIncompatible=true`, existing projections and filters silently 
change results. Keep these class forms outside automatic admission and add 
differential/routing regressions before selecting native for them.



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