------------------------<snip>--------------------------------------

The system structures designed into S/360 that turned into bottlenecks sooner than most others 
did were built around the cKd architecture, in which the K is uppercased because it means KEY 
(where  "KEY rhymes with "bad, bad, bad").  Real key areas were written onto 
DASD tracks for system catalogs, PDS directories, VTOC records (DSCBs), PASSWORD data set (I 
think), all ISAM files, and users also had the capability of creating keyed records with 
physical keys in BDAM, BPAM, and SAM files if they wanted to.  System catalogs were eventually 
replaced with VSAM structures, PDS directories were supposed to have been ameliorated with 
PDSEs, and VTOC keyed record searches were ameliorated with Indexed VTOCs.  ISAM support was 
eventually dropped by IBM.  All those keys seemed to make good sense in 1965, but not any 
more.  No CKD DASDs have been manufactured, that I know of, for 15 or 20 years.  Everything is 
FBA and RAID now.  Hardware microcode emulates physical keys.  Lots of opera!
ting system software supports keys, which are still used sometimes as a lock 
controlling access to the record's data area.  Some sophisticated users 
invented other clever uses for keys.
------------------------------------------<unsnip>---------------------------------------
You forgot SYS1.BRODCAST  :-))

Rick

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