Graham,

"Prior art" is a lawyer's term, not mine.  If, say, I published a
paper in 1977 describing a scheme for extracting the square root of a
non-negative integer by successive subtraction, using the fact that
n^2 is the sum of the first n odd integers, i.e.,

2^2 =  4 = 1 + 3
3^2 =  9 = 1 + 3 + 5
4^2 = 16 = 1+ 3 + 5 + 7
5^2 = 25 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9
. . .

a later attempt to patent such a scheme would [almopst certainly]
fail.  This relation is due to Fr Marin Mersenne (1588-1648), but
while no mathematical relation is itself patentable a device based
upon it, which might otherwise be patentable, would not be if my paper
describing such a device were known to the relevant Patent Office.

Thus, while my paper might well be copyrighted (most published papers
are), that is not the point; what is crucial is that the putative '
invention', being already in the public domain, is non-novel and thus
not patentable.

John Gilmore, Ashland, MA 01721 - USA

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