>Do you know why some root servers will return the A record, while others
>won't? For example, I have a .org domain with a .com NS records, and the root
no, not the root-servers.net, the gTLD-servers.net. It's been about a
year now since the root-servers.net stopped being the generic TLD zone
parent, and became the parent of all the xTLD servers. There was then
created another set of 13 servers "below root" called the gTLD-servers.net,
which are on the same level as the ccTLD servers.
1. the nameless "." root zone, parent to the forward xTLD zones and the
reverse zone .arpa
mgw1# dig @a.root-servers.net . ns
; <<>> DiG 8.3 <<>> @a.root-servers.net . ns
; (1 server found)
;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch
;; got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 13
;; QUERY SECTION:
;; ., type = NS, class = IN
;; ANSWER SECTION:
. 6D IN NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 6D IN NS J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 6D IN NS K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 6D IN NS L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 6D IN NS M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 6D IN NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 6D IN NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 6D IN NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 6D IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 6D IN NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 6D IN NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 6D IN NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 6D IN NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 128.9.0.107
J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 198.41.0.10
K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 193.0.14.129
L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 198.32.64.12
M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 202.12.27.33
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.36.148.17
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.203.230.10
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 128.8.10.90
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 198.41.0.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 128.63.2.53
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.33.4.12
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.112.36.4
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.5.5.241
;; Total query time: 108 msec
;; FROM: mgw1.meiway.com to SERVER: a.root-servers.net 198.41.0.4
;; WHEN: Tue Sep 25 17:20:01 2001
;; MSG SIZE sent: 17 rcvd: 436
and for .arpa zone :
mgw1# dig @a.root-servers.net arpa. ns
; <<>> DiG 8.3 <<>> @a.root-servers.net arpa. ns
; (1 server found)
;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch
;; got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 9, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 9
;; QUERY SECTION:
;; arpa, type = NS, class = IN
;; ANSWER SECTION:
arpa. 6D IN NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
arpa. 6D IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
arpa. 6D IN NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
arpa. 6D IN NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
arpa. 6D IN NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
arpa. 6D IN NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
arpa. 6D IN NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
arpa. 6D IN NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
arpa. 6D IN NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 128.8.10.90
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 198.41.0.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 128.63.2.53
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.33.4.12
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.112.36.4
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.5.5.241
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 128.9.0.107
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.36.148.17
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.203.230.10
;; Total query time: 102 msec
;; FROM: mgw1.meiway.com to SERVER: a.root-servers.net 198.41.0.4
;; WHEN: Tue Sep 25 17:20:59 2001
;; MSG SIZE sent: 22 rcvd: 326
2. the xTLD level, includes both the gTLD-servers.net and the ccTLD servers
(.fr, .uk, .de, .au), parenting the 3rd level.
mgw1# dig @a.gtld-servers.net com. ns
; <<>> DiG 8.3 <<>> @a.gtld-servers.net com. ns
; (1 server found)
;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch
;; got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 13
;; QUERY SECTION:
;; com, type = NS, class = IN
;; ANSWER SECTION:
com. 6D IN NS M.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.
com. 6D IN NS A.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.
com. 6D IN NS G.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.
com. 6D IN NS H.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.
com. 6D IN NS C.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.
com. 6D IN NS I.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.
com. 6D IN NS B.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.
com. 6D IN NS D.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.
com. 6D IN NS L.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.
com. 6D IN NS F.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.
com. 6D IN NS J.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.
com. 6D IN NS K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.
com. 6D IN NS E.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
M.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 202.153.114.101
A.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.5.6.30
G.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.42.93.30
H.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.54.112.30
C.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.26.92.30
I.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.36.144.133
B.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.33.14.30
D.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.31.80.30
L.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.41.162.30
F.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.35.51.30
J.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 210.132.100.101
K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 213.177.194.5
E.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. 6D IN A 192.12.94.30
;; Total query time: 107 msec
;; FROM: mgw1.meiway.com to SERVER: a.gtld-servers.net 192.5.6.30
;; WHEN: Tue Sep 25 17:21:40 2001
;; MSG SIZE sent: 21 rcvd: 453
Note that all the above responses intentionally have less than the UDP
packet size of 512 bytes, so these very busy servers will never have to use
the more expensive TCP protocol to answer a query. That's why there are
only 13 root-servers, to fit into a UDP packet.
"13 root servers otta be enough for anybody" :)))
3. 3rd level such as declude.com.
mgw1# dig @a.gtld-servers.net declude.com. ns
; <<>> DiG 8.3 <<>> @a.gtld-servers.net declude.com. ns
; (1 server found)
;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch
;; got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6
;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUERY SECTION:
;; declude.com, type = NS, class = IN
;; ANSWER SECTION:
declude.com. 2D IN NS UDNS1.ULTRADNS.NET.
declude.com. 2D IN NS UDNS2.ULTRADNS.NET.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
UDNS1.ULTRADNS.NET. 2D IN A 204.69.234.1
UDNS2.ULTRADNS.NET. 2D IN A 204.74.101.1
;; Total query time: 93 msec
;; FROM: mgw1.meiway.com to SERVER: a.gtld-servers.net 192.5.6.30
;; WHEN: Tue Sep 25 17:22:08 2001
;; MSG SIZE sent: 29 rcvd: 113
> servers return the A records.
the ?.gTLD-servers.net are the parents for all the TLD zones, meaning that
they DO have glue for .com, .org, .net, so the behaviour you saw was correct.
>And I've seen cases where one root server would return the glue, while
>another would not (for the same domain).
example?
>Given the amount of traffic the root servers have to deal with
the object of last year's creation of a new level of boxes called the
gTLD-servers.net machines was to relieve the root-servers.net of the TLD
load. Now, the root servers parent only xxTLD and arpa.
ICANN delegates parenthood to the root-servers.net. :))
Len
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