-- With regards, J. M. Garg ---------- Forwarded message --------- From: Lalithamba Avadhanam <alalitha...@gmail.com> Date: Mon, 23 Aug, 2021, 6:33 am Subject: Re: [itpmods:15952] Fwd: What is the secret behind so many endemic species in Kerala ? To: itpmods <itpm...@googlegroups.com>
Last year I had an opportunity to talk to Prof. Mats Thulin of Uppasala Universty, while discussing of Boswellia ovalifoliolata, he said if it is a true endemic, there must be some other endemic species in the area, then it will not be in association with common species of the area; it is true, in A.P. Seshachalam and Velugonda hills harbours majority of endemics of the state; B.serrata and B.Ovalifolialata are never seen in same vicinity. thank you for enlightenment and provide a chance to express my observations. On Mon, Aug 23, 2021 at 3:05 AM Tapas Chakrabarty <tchak...@gmail.com> wrote: > My comments may kindly be taken as a pure scientific discussion. I > apologise if I have hurt sentiments of someone by using some harsh words. > In fact we are noticing random new descriptions by some persons in each and > every group. The Plant Discoveries published by BSI is documenting such > publications in India but there is no comprehensive publication > consolidating the nomenclatural changes including mergers in Indian > perspective. POWO, to some extent, tries to keep the nomenclature up to > date in relation to IPNI but it has own limitations. So, we at eFI should > try to keep our database most up to date, as far as possible. This will > further enhance the grandeur of the group. > > On Mon, 23 Aug 2021, 02:43 Tapas Chakrabarty, <tchak...@gmail.com> wrote: > >> As regards parameters of determining a new species, this procedure cannot >> be standardized at all. I wrote these lines somewhere: >> Only an experienced taxonomist expertising on a particular group can give >> a sound judgement on delimitation. From numerical taxonomy, through >> cladistics we are now in the era of molecular phylogenetics. Therefore, the >> conclusions on morphological (both external and internal) should now be >> corroborated with molecular studies. The delimiting characters vary from >> group to group, e.g. a single inflorescence type delimits the family >> Compositae but a combination of characters determine some others. Only an >> expert/monographer rather than a random taxonomist/floristics worker can >> give a sound judgement. Moreover, you cannot standardize the taxonomic >> characters through mathematical formulae and statistical analysis and apply >> them for delimitation for stabilizing the nomenclature. You must depend on >> expert opinion only for delimitation of genera and infrageneric taxa. >> >> On Mon, 23 Aug 2021, 00:19 Giby Kuriakose, < >> giby.kuriak...@shcollege.ac.in> wrote: >> >>> Thank you all for such a valid discussion. >>> Thank you Garg ji for opening this discussion. >>> >>> I feel that many of the reasons or answers for the question are already >>> covered in previous mails. >>> I have a few more things to discuss. >>> Myers et al. (2000) and Mittermier et al. (2011) and several others have >>> explained multidimensional aspects of species endemism. >>> I am attaching these papers herewith for your perusal. >>> >>> Few (more) reasons for Kerala having high endemism are: >>> >>> - Habitat heterogeneity >>> - High frequency of ecotones >>> - Micro -habitat and -climate variations. >>> - Reduced number of dry months. >>> - Geographical characters (for eg. Westward facing geography that is >>> beneficial in getting/tapping maximum light). >>> - Diverse edaphic features. >>> - The Total geographical area is smaller, resulting in smaller >>> habitats. This might enhance genetic drift as smaller populations help >>> drift and fixation faster. >>> >>> There may be other reasons too. >>> >>> Thanks Vijaysankar ji for speaking some eye openers. >>> You are absolutely right even ecotypes and ecads are also treated to be >>> species discoveries. >>> I have seen several colour and size variations in the same individual >>> plants (of several species) across years during my phenology observations. >>> Further, if a plant flowers in a different season, it may show some >>> variations. >>> This might be related to variation in the climate or local micro habitat >>> characteristics. >>> As Dr. Vijayasankar mentioned, habitat variation is a general fact for >>> tropical parts of the world, which is proved by several studies. Most such >>> studies are from elsewhere, unfortunately, there are not many studies from >>> our regions. >>> Kerala is blessed with several taxonomists across various time periods >>> and we have few institutes and centres dedicated for taxonomy. >>> Several species have been published with only one sighting and the >>> majority of these new species do not have any further references in any >>> later studies or inventories. >>> No further evaluation, observation, or sightings about the majority of >>> the newly published 'species'. >>> Further, as Vijayasankar rightly pointed out, there are no set standards >>> to call a plant a new species. >>> >>> >>> Thanks and Regards, >>> Giby >>> >>> >>> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 10:48 PM Vijayasankar <vijay.botan...@gmail.com> >>> wrote: >>> >>>> Good question Garg ji! >>>> >>>> As one of the major biodiversity hotspots of India, the Western Ghats >>>> harbors a great species diversity with a high number of endemics. Also, >>>> thanks to the active fieldwork and special documentation and exploration >>>> programs, many new species are being discovered from previously under- and >>>> un-explored areas. >>>> >>>> That said, there are concerns as discussed earlier. Another concern is >>>> that there is no clear-cut definition of delimiting characters that qualify >>>> a new species. Of the two kinds of botanists, the lumpers and splitters, >>>> the latter kind mainly contributes to the inflated number of new species. >>>> Of course there are exceptions. I documented more than 30 intra- and >>>> infra-specific variations from my PhD study area alone but plants with some >>>> of these documented variations (such as different flower color, leaf shape) >>>> have been recently described as new species by folks even working in >>>> reputed institutions. There is a tremendous interest among botanists to >>>> publish new taxa. This is fueled in part by the current job offer and >>>> promotion settings that credit and support quantity rather than the quality >>>> of research publications. >>>> >>>> The review and publication process must be strengthened and made >>>> transparent. Every journal should require sufficient proof and authenticity >>>> of the Type specimens. There are so many predatory journals that publish >>>> anything if the processing fee is paid. Young researchers should be made >>>> aware of these and papers published in these journals should not be >>>> considered when it comes to job offers or promotions. Also, we need many >>>> revisioners, and while revising a genus or family the botanists should >>>> consider and use the data from various fields of botany such as morphology, >>>> anatomy, palynology, photochemistry and molecular biology, with >>>> collaborations from international experts. >>>> >>>> Vijayasankar >>>> --------------------------------------- >>>> Vijayasankar Raman, Ph.D. >>>> Sr. Research Scientist >>>> University of Mississippi, USA >>>> >>>> >>>> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 11:01 AM J.M. Garg <jmga...@gmail.com> wrote: >>>> >>>>> Thanks a lot, Tapas ji, Singh ji and Rawat ji, for the detailed >>>>> explainations. >>>>> -- >>>>> With regards, >>>>> J. M. Garg >>>>> >>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug, 2021, 9:24 pm D.S Rawat, <drdsrawat.alpin...@gmail.com> >>>>> wrote: >>>>> >>>>>> Garg Ji >>>>>> >>>>>> I really appreciate your knowledge on Indian flora and its >>>>>> distribution. It was a fine and apt observation based inquiry on endemism >>>>>> in flora of Kerala. >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> See the number of taxa (mainly species) endemic to different states >>>>>> of India based on the document by Botanical Survey of India (*Endemic >>>>>> Vascular Plants of India* by Singh *et al*. 2015) below: >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> *State* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Narrow endemic Taxa (No)* >>>>>> >>>>>> *State* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Narrow endemic Taxa (No)* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Tamil Nadu * >>>>>> >>>>>> *410* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Himachal Pradesh* >>>>>> >>>>>> *28* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Kerala** (38,683 km2) * >>>>>> >>>>>> *1 species/108 km2* >>>>>> >>>>>> *357* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Uttar Pradesh* >>>>>> >>>>>> *26* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Maharashtra * >>>>>> >>>>>> *278* >>>>>> >>>>>> *West Bengal * >>>>>> >>>>>> *23* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Andaman Islands * >>>>>> >>>>>> *201* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Odisha* >>>>>> >>>>>> *20* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Arunachal Pradesh * >>>>>> >>>>>> *183* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Mizoram* >>>>>> >>>>>> *16* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Sikkim** (8586 km2) 1sp/54km2* >>>>>> >>>>>> *160* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Goa* >>>>>> >>>>>> *14* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Meghalaya * >>>>>> >>>>>> *134* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Rajasthan* >>>>>> >>>>>> *14* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Karnataka * >>>>>> >>>>>> *130* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Madhya Pradesh* >>>>>> >>>>>> *12* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Assam * >>>>>> >>>>>> *87* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Bihar* >>>>>> >>>>>> *6* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Jammu & Kashmir * >>>>>> >>>>>> *82* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Gujarat* >>>>>> >>>>>> *6* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Uttarakhand * >>>>>> >>>>>> *81* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Jharkhand* >>>>>> >>>>>> *3* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Nicobar Islands * >>>>>> >>>>>> *77* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Chattisgarh* >>>>>> >>>>>> 1 >>>>>> >>>>>> *Andhra Pradesh (undivided) * >>>>>> >>>>>> *64* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Punjab* >>>>>> >>>>>> 1 >>>>>> >>>>>> *Manipur * >>>>>> >>>>>> *45* >>>>>> >>>>>> *Tripura* >>>>>> >>>>>> 1 >>>>>> >>>>>> *Nagaland * >>>>>> >>>>>> *35* >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> Kerala state is located very close to the equator and lies in a >>>>>> tropical zone (zone located between 23.50 north and south of >>>>>> equator) which is considered the richest zone for biodiversity. It is >>>>>> believed that in tropical zones life originated on earth and had maximum >>>>>> time to evolve and diversify with less catastrophic natural disturbances >>>>>> as >>>>>> compared to subtropical, temperate or arctic zones on earth. Here the >>>>>> temperature remains similar throughout the year so it is not a seasonal >>>>>> abundance of plants (as we see in subtropical or temperate zones where >>>>>> high >>>>>> diversity of plants can be seen in summer & rainy season), rather plants >>>>>> flourish throughout the year. In addition, tropics receive a higher >>>>>> amount >>>>>> of solar radiation which is the energy pool driving life on earth. More >>>>>> energy available leads to more productivity and more diversity. A large >>>>>> part of international biodiversity hot-spot “Western Ghats” lies in >>>>>> Kerala >>>>>> where we have a range of mountains clothed with rainforests and blessed >>>>>> with high rainfall. Wherever we have mountains, due to great variability >>>>>> of >>>>>> microhabitats, the diversity of life is high. The species which evolved >>>>>> in >>>>>> tropics were not able to spread in adjacent subtropics due to lack of >>>>>> their >>>>>> climatic requirements in subtropics. The species which evolved in a >>>>>> specific set of microhabitats in tropical mountains remained there as >>>>>> such >>>>>> microhabitats were not available in subtropical mountains. >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> However, the answer is not so simple and phytogeographers (scientists >>>>>> who study distribution of plants) or ecologists have proposed many >>>>>> theories >>>>>> for richness of biodiversity in world tropics. >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> This is a useful reading- >>>>>> https://www.ecologycenter.us/tropical-forests/theories-to-explain-high-diversity-in-the-tropics.html >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> In my opinion (off-course with over-simplification) being located in >>>>>> the tropics, having Western Ghat mountains, a lot of rainfall throughout >>>>>> the year and ample exploratory work Kerala has a high number of species >>>>>> and >>>>>> endemic elements. >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> New species described may get merged into older species with >>>>>> revisionary works but still there will be a large number of species and >>>>>> endemics in flora of Kerala as compared to many Indian states. >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> In India, as per the information in the above table, Sikkim with just >>>>>> 8586 km2 area has high endemisms- one endemic species for every 54 km >>>>>> 2 while Kerala has one endemic species for every 108 km2. >>>>>> >>>>>> The last word- answer is not simple and there are many known (and >>>>>> also unknown) reasons behind high diversity and endemism in Kerala. >>>>>> >>>>>> DSRawat, Pantnagar >>>>>> >>>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ >>>>>> Dr D.S. Rawat >>>>>> Department of Biological Sciences, G.B. Pant University of >>>>>> Agriculture & Technology Pantnagar-263 145 Uttarakhand, INDIA >>>>>> *eflorapantnagar* >>>>>> <https://sites.google.com/site/eflorapantnagar/home> displaying wild >>>>>> flora of Pantnagar >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 8:39 PM Gurcharan Singh <singh...@gmail.com> >>>>>> wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>>> For me things are not that straightforward, comparing new species >>>>>>> with endemics. A newly described species over a period of time may be >>>>>>> discovered in neighbouring areas also, or merged with already known >>>>>>> species >>>>>>> from surrounding areas, it is only that author first describes it from a >>>>>>> particular region. An endemic on the other hand may have arisen recently >>>>>>> (through mutations, or crossing followed by duplication of chromosomes, >>>>>>> since hybrids of most diploid species are sterile and perish very soon, >>>>>>> unless maintained by vegetative means) and did not get get enough time >>>>>>> to >>>>>>> spread to similar surrounding areas (neoendemics), or widely spread once >>>>>>> but getting restricted due to shrinking of their habitats >>>>>>> (Palaeoendemics). >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> Dr. Gurcharan Singh >>>>>>> Retired Associate Professor >>>>>>> SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007 >>>>>>> Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018. >>>>>>> https://www.gurcharanfamily.com/ >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 8:10 PM Tapas Chakrabarty < >>>>>>> tchak...@gmail.com> wrote: >>>>>>> >>>>>>>> The amount of complicated montane forest ecosystems are probably >>>>>>>> higher there and they receive more rains also...Some other climatic and >>>>>>>> other factors may be responsible for this such as extensive >>>>>>>> explorations. >>>>>>>> However, some recent mergers suggest that the actual number of taxa >>>>>>>> might >>>>>>>> be somewhat inflated! >>>>>>>> Thanking you. >>>>>>>> Tapas. >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021, 20:00 J.M. Garg <jmga...@gmail.com> wrote: >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> Thanks, Tapas ji, >>>>>>>>> Your are most experienced among us. What do you think? >>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>> With regards, >>>>>>>>> J. M. Garg >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug, 2021, 5:08 pm Tapas Chakrabarty, < >>>>>>>>> tchak...@gmail.com> wrote: >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Enjoying the discussion! >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug 2021, 14:20 Pankaj Kumar, <sahanipan...@gmail.com> >>>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> Please also remember that this issue is not just in Indian >>>>>>>>>>> plants. I see more in Chinese plants actually !!! >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 at 16:43, J.M. Garg <jmga...@gmail.com> >>>>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Thanks, Pankaj ji. >>>>>>>>>>>> I also think that is much more important. >>>>>>>>>>>> Revisionary studies with deep study of a genus with thousands >>>>>>>>>>>> of specimens and hundreds of original literatures/ publications, >>>>>>>>>>>> are much >>>>>>>>>>>> more important. >>>>>>>>>>>> It may certainly involve many many years of ones' productive >>>>>>>>>>>> life. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 at 14:05, Pankaj Kumar < >>>>>>>>>>>> sahanipan...@gmail.com> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> In the past 10 years in Hong Kong, I have merged around 35 new >>>>>>>>>>>>> and old species names into existing ones. Imagine, so much work >>>>>>>>>>>>> to do. I >>>>>>>>>>>>> already have a new list for my next publication. Achievement of a >>>>>>>>>>>>> taxonomist is not just publishing new species but also correcting >>>>>>>>>>>>> the >>>>>>>>>>>>> existing ones. >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 at 16:30, Dr E S Santhosh Kumar < >>>>>>>>>>>>> santhoshkuma...@gmail.com> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> Yes GargJi, this is what I too felt nowadays 🤣 >>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021, 13:10 J.M. Garg <jmga...@gmail.com> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I somehow have the feeling that only one out of the 10 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> species published currently, may stand the scrutiny of time and >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> remain as a >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> valid species and not relegated as a synonym. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I do not know how others feel about it. Hard core >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> taxonomists may give a better estimate. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 at 13:03, J.M. Garg <jmga...@gmail.com> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Thanks a lot, Santhosh ji. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You have explained the things so well. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 at 13:00, Dr E S Santhosh Kumar < >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> essanthoshjntb...@gmail.com> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Dear friends, >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The question " What is the secret behind so many endemic >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> species in Kerala? " raised by Gargji has several answers. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The first reason >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> has been very well explained by SanthanJi. Secondly, the >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> flora of Kerala >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> has been well explored and documented and every part of the >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> state has been >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> thoroughly explored and the important findings were published >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in time. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> There are certain exceptions that a few new gen botanists >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> described the >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> already known species in many foreign journals as new species >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> again. Sadly >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in several cases the reviewers never known about it. In the >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> recent climatic >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> change scenario, several ephemerals become annuals or >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> biennials or even >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> perennials through several perennating mechanism. Such >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> species often >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> mistakenly described new during recent times from Kerala. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Genera such as >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Impatiens, Sonerila, Strobilanthes etc are having several >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> species grow >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> together in a biome often have a chance of exchange genes by >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> interbreeding >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> between them. The F1 generation often having characters of >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> both parents and >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> also possessing certain unique characters of themselves. It >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is called >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Nothospecies. Such characters never having a chance of >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> continue over >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> generations. Some of the new gen botanists described such >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> taxa as novelties >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> to science. There are several hidden agenda behind it. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Certain exotic >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> species naturalized in Kerala years ago show several >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ecological traits also >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> described novelties recently. Unnecessary addition of >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> fictitious >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> novelties increased the number of endemics in Kerala. I have >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> prepared a >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> list of such 'paper species', but wont like to publish in >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> such a public >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> forum. Let some experts in respective fields should tackle >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the issue. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Thanks >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021, 12:25 J.M. Garg <jmga...@gmail.com> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ---------- Forwarded message --------- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> From: J.M. Garg <jmga...@gmail.com> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Date: Sat, 14 Aug 2021 at 11:25 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Subject: What is the secret behind so many endemic >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> species in Kerala ? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> To: efloraofindia <indiantreepix@googlegroups.com> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Dear members, >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> While browsing through Flora of Peninsular India, I >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> generally found that Kerala is having so many endmics >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (including narrow >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> endemics with distribution shown in only one place or >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> district) compared to >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> other states like Tamil Nadu and Karnataka etc. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> What can be the reason behind it ? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> With regards, >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> J.M.Garg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> With regards, >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> J.M.Garg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> from it, send an email to >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFDuUnUNfXhf%3Dd7xtrbMTwVrGAKg-wNjUCKfnfMkQeZ%2BDQ%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFDuUnUNfXhf%3Dd7xtrbMTwVrGAKg-wNjUCKfnfMkQeZ%2BDQ%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> from it, send an email to >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BBiB1LEQ6CEUHZOShWZdqe8vrtArwpkzuQRAv95j27s5PJwqA%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BBiB1LEQ6CEUHZOShWZdqe8vrtArwpkzuQRAv95j27s5PJwqA%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> With regards, >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> J.M.Garg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> With regards, >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> J.M.Garg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> from it, send an email to >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFBxq%2BvJa2e66i5PcXSMkHg%3DjwvjfyRQaO175zsr%2BsfKRw%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFBxq%2BvJa2e66i5PcXSMkHg%3DjwvjfyRQaO175zsr%2BsfKRw%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>>>>>>>>>> it, send an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BBiB1JJbuAEKQ0xUJxSor7Nx1KrCAtWT00sY0kzKb-aarcMcw%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BBiB1JJbuAEKQ0xUJxSor7Nx1KrCAtWT00sY0kzKb-aarcMcw%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> *Pankaj Kumar*, Ph.D. >>>>>>>>>>>>> *IUCN-SSC Orchid Specialist Group Asia* >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> 32, 2nd Floor, Shui Wo Tsuen, Lam Tsuen, >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong S.A.R., China >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> *email*: sahanipan...@gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>>> *Phone*: +852 9436 6251 (mobile) >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>>>>>>>>> it, send an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CABpo8%3D0RXL3p%2B%2BxeOtc_5kT7rHHamxSB840DY8QiRmzWwsbG8A%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CABpo8%3D0RXL3p%2B%2BxeOtc_5kT7rHHamxSB840DY8QiRmzWwsbG8A%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>> With regards, >>>>>>>>>>>> J.M.Garg >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>>>>>>>> it, send an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFB1vTbA87TuPc3Sh0gCo_VCS1HHPOWVhmoNojAjs%2BNg%2Bg%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFB1vTbA87TuPc3Sh0gCo_VCS1HHPOWVhmoNojAjs%2BNg%2Bg%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> *Pankaj Kumar*, Ph.D. >>>>>>>>>>> *IUCN-SSC Orchid Specialist Group Asia* >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> 32, 2nd Floor, Shui Wo Tsuen, Lam Tsuen, >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong S.A.R., China >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> *email*: sahanipan...@gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>> *Phone*: +852 9436 6251 (mobile) >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>>>>>>> it, send an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CABpo8%3D3e7txahjT4nCCcczC%3DF_Uv4kpLQFCMyt7awAQ3VEz%3DCQ%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CABpo8%3D3e7txahjT4nCCcczC%3DF_Uv4kpLQFCMyt7awAQ3VEz%3DCQ%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, >>>>>>>>>> send an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAKFjQVTjK-2eusXvgggKBDda4ebM7KTNcLJUQm%3DX8y0D9DSadw%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAKFjQVTjK-2eusXvgggKBDda4ebM7KTNcLJUQm%3DX8y0D9DSadw%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>>>>>> Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, >>>>>>>> send an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAKFjQVSvSWByPzNP8b7Nq_82iaNAR1cZOJEFEYUx5w%3DgdmoG4w%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAKFjQVSvSWByPzNP8b7Nq_82iaNAR1cZOJEFEYUx5w%3DgdmoG4w%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>> >>>>>>> -- >>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>>>>> Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, >>>>>>> send an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAHiXKpUEyKYNM8ot9cN323FtKOcWBR54pm7zZw55qdj5R4-OeA%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAHiXKpUEyKYNM8ot9cN323FtKOcWBR54pm7zZw55qdj5R4-OeA%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>> . >>>>>>> >>>>>> -- >>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>>> Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>>>> an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFDRGEL%3D__rkuhbf2Djb1B%2Bq7ocqzwPkbZ8gV%3DtoMfE5qg%40mail.gmail.com >>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFDRGEL%3D__rkuhbf2Djb1B%2Bq7ocqzwPkbZ8gV%3DtoMfE5qg%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>> . >>>>> >>>> -- >>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>> Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>>> an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAOZ1_23eTZgh0_gC%3D1d9cUSVo46vAqqm-wPgg9ZUU%2BiDrVRKMw%40mail.gmail.com >>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAOZ1_23eTZgh0_gC%3D1d9cUSVo46vAqqm-wPgg9ZUU%2BiDrVRKMw%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>> . >>>> >>> >>> >>> -- >>> GIBY KURIAKOSE PhD >>> Assistant Professor and Research Guide, >>> PG and Research Department of Botany >>> Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Thevara >>> Kochi, Kerala, India 682 013 >>> Phone - +914844044436 (office) +919947109987 (Mobile) >>> http://gibykuriakose.shcollege.ac.in/ >>> >>> >>> -- >>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>> Groups "ITPmods" group. >>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>> an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CANAPXzdfnD1o%3Db9y5%2BhRjYk_dTFtZ-aGBYOv%2BZb7xO%2BL2%3DDEMw%40mail.gmail.com >>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CANAPXzdfnD1o%3Db9y5%2BhRjYk_dTFtZ-aGBYOv%2BZb7xO%2BL2%3DDEMw%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>> . >>> >> -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "ITPmods" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. > To view this discussion on the web, visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAKFjQVSKLXzJK3aDj%3Dv5QhAcSh6cPVjC_k%3DN%2BTMOVW6C9YJSUw%40mail.gmail.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAKFjQVSKLXzJK3aDj%3Dv5QhAcSh6cPVjC_k%3DN%2BTMOVW6C9YJSUw%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- A.Lalithamba -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "ITPmods" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To view this discussion on the web, visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAOd090vSYgifVYX54gZMwdK-ztWBKWmE-PDWUSXT6icct6Wk5A%40mail.gmail.com <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAOd090vSYgifVYX54gZMwdK-ztWBKWmE-PDWUSXT6icct6Wk5A%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> . -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "efloraofindia" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to indiantreepix+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To view this discussion on the web, visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/indiantreepix/CA%2BiuSFC%2BeMXBBwYo5vKqm6H1sge-PTgYggiRAA9xwWtK7ED0Tw%40mail.gmail.com.
