imbajin commented on code in PR #3331:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hugegraph/pull/3331#discussion_r4274417253


##########
hugegraph-server/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/org/apache/hugegraph/LoadingMode.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hugegraph;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import org.apache.hugegraph.type.define.GraphMode;
+import org.apache.hugegraph.util.E;
+import org.apache.hugegraph.util.Log;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+
+/** Same graph-instance ownership; this state is neither persisted nor 
distributed. */
+public final class LoadingMode {
+
+    private static final Logger LOG = Log.logger(LoadingMode.class);
+
+    private static final int MAX_RELEASED = 1024;
+
+    private final String instance = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+    private final Map<String, String> active = new HashMap<>();
+    private final Map<String, String> released = new HashMap<>();
+    private long epoch;
+    private long revision;
+    private volatile GraphMode mode = GraphMode.NONE;
+
+    public GraphMode mode() {
+        return this.mode;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void mode(GraphMode mode) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(mode, "mode");
+        checkState(this.active.isEmpty(), "Loading owners are active; release 
them before setting graph mode");
+        if (this.mode != mode) {

Review Comment:
   Every successful enum mode write now advances the recovery revision, 
including a write of the current mode. A recovery snapshot taken before that 
write is rejected. Native regressions cover repeated writes for every GraphMode 
value; removing only this fix reproduces the revision failure. The existing API 
conflict regressions also pass.



##########
hugegraph-server/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/org/apache/hugegraph/LoadingMode.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hugegraph;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import org.apache.hugegraph.type.define.GraphMode;
+import org.apache.hugegraph.util.E;
+import org.apache.hugegraph.util.Log;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+
+/** Same graph-instance ownership; this state is neither persisted nor 
distributed. */
+public final class LoadingMode {
+
+    private static final Logger LOG = Log.logger(LoadingMode.class);
+
+    private static final int MAX_RELEASED = 1024;
+
+    private final String instance = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+    private final Map<String, String> active = new HashMap<>();
+    private final Map<String, String> released = new HashMap<>();
+    private long epoch;
+    private long revision;
+    private volatile GraphMode mode = GraphMode.NONE;
+
+    public GraphMode mode() {
+        return this.mode;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void mode(GraphMode mode) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(mode, "mode");
+        checkState(this.active.isEmpty(), "Loading owners are active; release 
them before setting graph mode");
+        if (this.mode != mode) {
+            this.advanceRevision();
+        }
+        this.mode = mode;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized Map<String, Object> capability() {
+        return ImmutableMap.of("protocol", 1, "instance", this.instance, 
"epoch", this.epoch,
+                               "revision", this.revision);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized Map<String, Object> recover(String instance, long 
epoch, long revision) {
+        E.checkArgument(this.instance.equals(instance), "Loading owner belongs 
to another graph instance");
+        E.checkArgument(epoch >= 0 && revision >= 0, "Invalid loading recovery 
epoch or revision");
+        checkState(epoch == this.epoch && revision == this.revision,
+                   "Loading state changed; inspect it before recovery");
+        checkState(this.epoch < Long.MAX_VALUE, "Loading owner epoch 
exhausted");
+        GraphMode previousMode = this.mode;
+        int clearedOwners = this.active.size();
+        this.advanceRevision();
+        this.epoch++;
+        this.active.clear();
+        this.released.clear();
+        this.mode = GraphMode.NONE;
+        this.logChange("recover", previousMode, clearedOwners);
+        return ImmutableMap.<String, Object>builder().putAll(this.capability())
+                           .put("state", "recovered").put("mode", 
this.mode).build();
+    }
+
+    public synchronized Map<String, Object> update(String action, String 
instance, long epoch,
+                                                   String token, String 
principal) {
+        E.checkArgument("acquire".equals(action) || "release".equals(action),
+                        "Loading owner action must be acquire or release");
+        E.checkArgument(this.instance.equals(instance), "Loading owner belongs 
to another graph instance");
+        E.checkArgument(epoch >= 0 && epoch <= this.epoch, "Invalid loading 
owner epoch");
+        E.checkArgument(token != null && token.length() == 36 && 
UUID.fromString(token).toString().equals(token),
+                        "Loading owner token must be a canonical UUID");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(principal, "principal");
+        GraphMode previousMode = this.mode;
+        String key = epoch + "/" + token;
+        String owner = this.active.get(key);
+        if (owner != null) {
+            checkState(owner.equals(principal), "Loading owner belongs to 
another authenticated principal");
+            if ("acquire".equals(action)) {
+                return this.receipt(epoch, token, "active");
+            }
+            // Exhaustion must fail before changing an active registration.
+            checkState(epoch != this.epoch || this.released.size() < 
MAX_RELEASED ||
+                         this.epoch < Long.MAX_VALUE, "Loading owner epoch 
exhausted");
+            this.advanceRevision();
+            this.active.remove(key);
+            if (this.active.isEmpty()) {
+                this.mode = GraphMode.NONE;
+            }
+        } else if ("acquire".equals(action)) {
+            if (epoch < this.epoch || this.released.containsKey(key)) {
+                return this.receipt(epoch, token, "released");
+            }
+            checkState(this.active.isEmpty() ? this.mode == GraphMode.NONE : 
this.mode == GraphMode.LOADING,
+                         "Cannot acquire loading ownership of manually set 
graph mode %s", this.mode);
+            this.advanceRevision();
+            this.active.put(key, principal);

Review Comment:
   Added a fixed admission limit of 1024 active owners per live graph. A new 
owner at capacity receives HTTP 409 before revision or mode changes; 
existing-owner acquire retries, release and administrator recovery remain 
available. The native regression covers full capacity, unchanged rejected 
state, existing operations, slot reuse and recovery. Removing only the 
admission check reproduces the failure. The limit and behavior are documented 
in the runtime guide.



##########
hugegraph-server/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/org/apache/hugegraph/LoadingMode.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hugegraph;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import org.apache.hugegraph.type.define.GraphMode;
+import org.apache.hugegraph.util.E;
+import org.apache.hugegraph.util.Log;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+
+/** Same graph-instance ownership; this state is neither persisted nor 
distributed. */
+public final class LoadingMode {
+
+    private static final Logger LOG = Log.logger(LoadingMode.class);
+
+    private static final int MAX_RELEASED = 1024;
+
+    private final String instance = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+    private final Map<String, String> active = new HashMap<>();
+    private final Map<String, String> released = new HashMap<>();
+    private long epoch;
+    private long revision;
+    private volatile GraphMode mode = GraphMode.NONE;
+
+    public GraphMode mode() {
+        return this.mode;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void mode(GraphMode mode) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(mode, "mode");
+        checkState(this.active.isEmpty(), "Loading owners are active; release 
them before setting graph mode");
+        if (this.mode != mode) {
+            this.advanceRevision();
+        }
+        this.mode = mode;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized Map<String, Object> capability() {
+        return ImmutableMap.of("protocol", 1, "instance", this.instance, 
"epoch", this.epoch,
+                               "revision", this.revision);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized Map<String, Object> recover(String instance, long 
epoch, long revision) {
+        E.checkArgument(this.instance.equals(instance), "Loading owner belongs 
to another graph instance");
+        E.checkArgument(epoch >= 0 && revision >= 0, "Invalid loading recovery 
epoch or revision");
+        checkState(epoch == this.epoch && revision == this.revision,
+                   "Loading state changed; inspect it before recovery");
+        checkState(this.epoch < Long.MAX_VALUE, "Loading owner epoch 
exhausted");
+        GraphMode previousMode = this.mode;
+        int clearedOwners = this.active.size();
+        this.advanceRevision();
+        this.epoch++;
+        this.active.clear();
+        this.released.clear();
+        this.mode = GraphMode.NONE;
+        this.logChange("recover", previousMode, clearedOwners);
+        return ImmutableMap.<String, Object>builder().putAll(this.capability())
+                           .put("state", "recovered").put("mode", 
this.mode).build();
+    }
+
+    public synchronized Map<String, Object> update(String action, String 
instance, long epoch,
+                                                   String token, String 
principal) {
+        E.checkArgument("acquire".equals(action) || "release".equals(action),
+                        "Loading owner action must be acquire or release");
+        E.checkArgument(this.instance.equals(instance), "Loading owner belongs 
to another graph instance");
+        E.checkArgument(epoch >= 0 && epoch <= this.epoch, "Invalid loading 
owner epoch");
+        E.checkArgument(token != null && token.length() == 36 && 
UUID.fromString(token).toString().equals(token),
+                        "Loading owner token must be a canonical UUID");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(principal, "principal");
+        GraphMode previousMode = this.mode;
+        String key = epoch + "/" + token;
+        String owner = this.active.get(key);
+        if (owner != null) {
+            checkState(owner.equals(principal), "Loading owner belongs to 
another authenticated principal");
+            if ("acquire".equals(action)) {
+                return this.receipt(epoch, token, "active");
+            }
+            // Exhaustion must fail before changing an active registration.
+            checkState(epoch != this.epoch || this.released.size() < 
MAX_RELEASED ||
+                         this.epoch < Long.MAX_VALUE, "Loading owner epoch 
exhausted");
+            this.advanceRevision();
+            this.active.remove(key);
+            if (this.active.isEmpty()) {
+                this.mode = GraphMode.NONE;
+            }
+        } else if ("acquire".equals(action)) {
+            if (epoch < this.epoch || this.released.containsKey(key)) {
+                return this.receipt(epoch, token, "released");
+            }
+            checkState(this.active.isEmpty() ? this.mode == GraphMode.NONE : 
this.mode == GraphMode.LOADING,
+                         "Cannot acquire loading ownership of manually set 
graph mode %s", this.mode);
+            this.advanceRevision();
+            this.active.put(key, principal);
+            this.mode = GraphMode.LOADING;
+            this.logChange("acquire", previousMode, 0);
+            return this.receipt(epoch, token, "active");
+        }
+        // Unknown release cancels an acquire which may still be in transit.
+        if (epoch == this.epoch) {
+            String releasedOwner = this.released.get(key);
+            checkState(releasedOwner == null || 
releasedOwner.equals(principal),
+                         "Loading owner belongs to another authenticated 
principal");
+            if (releasedOwner != null) {
+                return this.receipt(epoch, token, "released");
+            }
+            if (this.released.size() == MAX_RELEASED) {
+                checkState(this.epoch < Long.MAX_VALUE, "Loading owner epoch 
exhausted");
+                if (owner == null) {
+                    this.advanceRevision();
+                }
+                this.epoch++;
+                this.released.clear();
+                // Old nonactive tuples are terminal; active old tuples remain 
registered.
+            } else {
+                if (owner == null) {
+                    this.advanceRevision();
+                }
+                this.released.put(key, principal);
+            }
+        }
+        if (owner != null) {
+            this.logChange("release", previousMode, 1);
+        }
+        return this.receipt(epoch, token, "released");
+    }
+
+    private void logChange(String action, GraphMode previousMode, int 
clearedOwners) {
+        LOG.info("Loading ownership {} for graph instance {}: mode {} -> {}, 
epoch {}, " +

Review Comment:
   Successful ownership audit events now include the current space/graph name 
alongside the instance UUID. The name is read at the transition so a 
graph-space assignment after construction is reflected. Audit regressions 
verify the graph name and instance on successful transitions and recovery, 
including a later name change, while keeping owner tokens and principals out of 
the log.



##########
hugegraph-server/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/org/apache/hugegraph/LoadingMode.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hugegraph;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import org.apache.hugegraph.type.define.GraphMode;
+import org.apache.hugegraph.util.E;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+
+/** Same graph-instance ownership; this state is neither persisted nor 
distributed. */
+public final class LoadingMode {
+
+    private static final int MAX_RELEASED = 1024;
+
+    private final String instance = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+    private final Map<String, String> active = new HashMap<>();
+    private final Map<String, String> released = new HashMap<>();
+    private long epoch;
+    private volatile GraphMode mode = GraphMode.NONE;
+
+    public GraphMode mode() {
+        return this.mode;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void mode(GraphMode mode) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(mode, "mode");
+        E.checkState(this.active.isEmpty(), "Loading owners are active; 
release them before setting graph mode");
+        this.mode = mode;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized Map<String, Object> capability() {
+        return ImmutableMap.of("protocol", 1, "instance", this.instance, 
"epoch", this.epoch);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized Map<String, Object> update(String action, String 
instance, long epoch,
+                                                   String token, String 
principal) {
+        E.checkArgument("acquire".equals(action) || "release".equals(action),
+                        "Loading owner action must be acquire or release");
+        E.checkArgument(this.instance.equals(instance), "Loading owner belongs 
to another graph instance");
+        E.checkArgument(epoch >= 0 && epoch <= this.epoch, "Invalid loading 
owner epoch");
+        E.checkArgument(token != null && token.length() == 36 && 
UUID.fromString(token).toString().equals(token),
+                        "Loading owner token must be a canonical UUID");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(principal, "principal");
+        String key = epoch + "/" + token;
+        String owner = this.active.get(key);
+        if (owner != null) {
+            E.checkState(owner.equals(principal), "Loading owner belongs to 
another authenticated principal");
+            if ("acquire".equals(action)) {
+                return this.receipt(epoch, token, "active");
+            }
+            // Exhaustion must fail before changing an active registration.
+            E.checkState(epoch != this.epoch || this.released.size() < 
MAX_RELEASED ||
+                         this.epoch < Long.MAX_VALUE, "Loading owner epoch 
exhausted");
+            this.active.remove(key);
+            if (this.active.isEmpty()) {
+                this.mode = GraphMode.NONE;
+            }
+        } else if ("acquire".equals(action)) {
+            if (epoch < this.epoch || this.released.containsKey(key)) {

Review Comment:
   The capacity-rotation availability limitation remains: an older-epoch handle 
that never became active can receive the terminal released state. We are 
retaining the simpler fail-closed contract rather than adding automatic 
capability/token refresh. The runtime guide now explicitly requires stopping 
and draining that attempt before creating a fresh Loader context to retry; 
automatically minting a token within the old context could undo cancellation or 
administrator-recovery fencing. The requested distinct stale/automatic-refresh 
protocol is not implemented, and this discussion remains open separately from 
the audit, admission-limit and revision fixes.



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