huaxingao commented on code in PR #4659:
URL: https://github.com/apache/polaris/pull/4659#discussion_r3392662554


##########
runtime/service/src/main/java/org/apache/polaris/service/catalog/iceberg/IcebergCatalogHandler.java:
##########
@@ -460,15 +488,167 @@ public void authorizeCreateTableDirect(
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Create a table, optionally honoring an {@code Idempotency-Key} from the 
REST request.
+   *
+   * <p>When an idempotency key is supplied and the feature is enabled:
+   *
+   * <ol>
+   *   <li>Authorization runs first, so idempotency cannot bypass it.
+   *   <li>Pre-flight loads any prior record for {@code (realm, key)}. A match 
(same caller, same
+   *       resource binding) replays the response from authoritative catalog 
state; a binding
+   *       mismatch raises 422.
+   *   <li>On a fresh key, the table is created and the record is inserted 
afterwards. A concurrent
+   *       caller that wins the race causes our insert to return DUPLICATE — 
we then replay too, so
+   *       the response is equivalent to what the winner returned.
+   * </ol>
+   *
+   * <p>No response body is stored. Replays go through {@code loadTable +
+   * buildLoadTableResponseWithDelegationCredentials}, which re-vends fresh 
credentials for the
+   * current caller.
+   */
   public LoadTableResponse createTableDirect(
       Namespace namespace,
       CreateTableRequest request,
       EnumSet<AccessDelegationMode> delegationModes,
-      Optional<String> refreshCredentialsEndpoint) {
+      Optional<String> refreshCredentialsEndpoint,
+      Optional<String> idempotencyKey) {
 
     authorizeCreateTableDirect(namespace, request, !delegationModes.isEmpty());
     Optional<AccessDelegationMode> resolvedMode = 
resolveAccessDelegationModes(delegationModes);
 
+    if (idempotencyKey.isEmpty() || !idempotencySupport().isEnabled()) {
+      return doCreateTableDirect(namespace, request, resolvedMode, 
refreshCredentialsEndpoint);
+    }
+    return createTableDirectIdempotently(
+        namespace,
+        request,
+        delegationModes,
+        resolvedMode,
+        refreshCredentialsEndpoint,
+        idempotencyKey.get());
+  }
+
+  private LoadTableResponse createTableDirectIdempotently(
+      Namespace namespace,
+      CreateTableRequest request,
+      EnumSet<AccessDelegationMode> delegationModes,
+      Optional<AccessDelegationMode> resolvedMode,
+      Optional<String> refreshCredentialsEndpoint,
+      String idempotencyKey) {
+
+    String operationType = "create-table";
+    String principalHash =
+        idempotencySupport().principalHash(polarisPrincipal(), 
realmContext().getRealmIdentifier());
+    String resourceHash =
+        idempotencySupport()
+            .resourceHash(
+                "create-table:"
+                    + namespace.toString()
+                    + ":"
+                    + request.name()
+                    + ":"
+                    + delegationModesToken(delegationModes));

Review Comment:
   Done — binding now uses `resolvedMode` instead of the full requested modes.



##########
runtime/service/src/main/java/org/apache/polaris/service/catalog/iceberg/IcebergCatalogHandler.java:
##########
@@ -460,15 +488,167 @@ public void authorizeCreateTableDirect(
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Create a table, optionally honoring an {@code Idempotency-Key} from the 
REST request.
+   *
+   * <p>When an idempotency key is supplied and the feature is enabled:
+   *
+   * <ol>
+   *   <li>Authorization runs first, so idempotency cannot bypass it.
+   *   <li>Pre-flight loads any prior record for {@code (realm, key)}. A match 
(same caller, same
+   *       resource binding) replays the response from authoritative catalog 
state; a binding
+   *       mismatch raises 422.
+   *   <li>On a fresh key, the table is created and the record is inserted 
afterwards. A concurrent
+   *       caller that wins the race causes our insert to return DUPLICATE — 
we then replay too, so
+   *       the response is equivalent to what the winner returned.
+   * </ol>
+   *
+   * <p>No response body is stored. Replays go through {@code loadTable +
+   * buildLoadTableResponseWithDelegationCredentials}, which re-vends fresh 
credentials for the
+   * current caller.
+   */
   public LoadTableResponse createTableDirect(
       Namespace namespace,
       CreateTableRequest request,
       EnumSet<AccessDelegationMode> delegationModes,
-      Optional<String> refreshCredentialsEndpoint) {
+      Optional<String> refreshCredentialsEndpoint,
+      Optional<String> idempotencyKey) {
 
     authorizeCreateTableDirect(namespace, request, !delegationModes.isEmpty());
     Optional<AccessDelegationMode> resolvedMode = 
resolveAccessDelegationModes(delegationModes);
 
+    if (idempotencyKey.isEmpty() || !idempotencySupport().isEnabled()) {
+      return doCreateTableDirect(namespace, request, resolvedMode, 
refreshCredentialsEndpoint);
+    }
+    return createTableDirectIdempotently(
+        namespace,
+        request,
+        delegationModes,
+        resolvedMode,
+        refreshCredentialsEndpoint,
+        idempotencyKey.get());
+  }
+
+  private LoadTableResponse createTableDirectIdempotently(
+      Namespace namespace,
+      CreateTableRequest request,
+      EnumSet<AccessDelegationMode> delegationModes,
+      Optional<AccessDelegationMode> resolvedMode,
+      Optional<String> refreshCredentialsEndpoint,
+      String idempotencyKey) {
+
+    String operationType = "create-table";
+    String principalHash =
+        idempotencySupport().principalHash(polarisPrincipal(), 
realmContext().getRealmIdentifier());
+    String resourceHash =
+        idempotencySupport()
+            .resourceHash(
+                "create-table:"
+                    + namespace.toString()
+                    + ":"
+                    + request.name()
+                    + ":"
+                    + delegationModesToken(delegationModes));
+
+    // Pre-flight: replay a prior success, or 422 on a binding mismatch (same 
key, different
+    // request/principal).
+    try {
+      IdempotencyHandlerSupport.Outcome preflight =
+          idempotencySupport()
+              .preflight(idempotencyKey, operationType, resourceHash, 
principalHash);
+      if (preflight instanceof IdempotencyHandlerSupport.Outcome.Duplicate 
dup) {
+        return replayCreateTableDirect(
+            namespace, request, resolvedMode, refreshCredentialsEndpoint, 
dup.existing());
+      }
+    } catch (IdempotencyHandlerSupport.ConflictException e) {
+      throw new UnprocessableEntityException("%s", e.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    // Run the operation. A concurrent request carrying the same key can win 
the catalog-level race
+    // and make this attempt fail with AlreadyExistsException; if that winner 
recorded a matching
+    // idempotency outcome, replay it instead of returning a 409.
+    LoadTableResponse response;
+    try {
+      response = doCreateTableDirect(namespace, request, resolvedMode, 
refreshCredentialsEndpoint);
+    } catch (AlreadyExistsException e) {
+      try {
+        Optional<IdempotencyRecord> raceWinner =
+            resolveConcurrentDuplicate(idempotencyKey, operationType, 
resourceHash, principalHash);
+        if (raceWinner.isPresent()) {
+          return replayCreateTableDirect(

Review Comment:
   Extracted a shared private helper (`buildLoadTableResponseForExistingTable`) 
used by both `loadTable`(...) and the replay path, with an optional 
`expectedMetadataLocation` param for the divergence check. Kept it 
private/authz-free so replay doesn't pick up an extra LOAD_TABLE check.



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