huaxingao commented on code in PR #4659:
URL: https://github.com/apache/polaris/pull/4659#discussion_r3392664662


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runtime/service/src/main/java/org/apache/polaris/service/catalog/iceberg/IcebergCatalogHandler.java:
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@@ -460,15 +488,167 @@ public void authorizeCreateTableDirect(
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Create a table, optionally honoring an {@code Idempotency-Key} from the 
REST request.
+   *
+   * <p>When an idempotency key is supplied and the feature is enabled:
+   *
+   * <ol>
+   *   <li>Authorization runs first, so idempotency cannot bypass it.
+   *   <li>Pre-flight loads any prior record for {@code (realm, key)}. A match 
(same caller, same
+   *       resource binding) replays the response from authoritative catalog 
state; a binding
+   *       mismatch raises 422.
+   *   <li>On a fresh key, the table is created and the record is inserted 
afterwards. A concurrent
+   *       caller that wins the race causes our insert to return DUPLICATE — 
we then replay too, so
+   *       the response is equivalent to what the winner returned.
+   * </ol>
+   *
+   * <p>No response body is stored. Replays go through {@code loadTable +
+   * buildLoadTableResponseWithDelegationCredentials}, which re-vends fresh 
credentials for the
+   * current caller.
+   */
   public LoadTableResponse createTableDirect(
       Namespace namespace,
       CreateTableRequest request,
       EnumSet<AccessDelegationMode> delegationModes,
-      Optional<String> refreshCredentialsEndpoint) {
+      Optional<String> refreshCredentialsEndpoint,
+      Optional<String> idempotencyKey) {
 
     authorizeCreateTableDirect(namespace, request, !delegationModes.isEmpty());
     Optional<AccessDelegationMode> resolvedMode = 
resolveAccessDelegationModes(delegationModes);
 
+    if (idempotencyKey.isEmpty() || !idempotencySupport().isEnabled()) {
+      return doCreateTableDirect(namespace, request, resolvedMode, 
refreshCredentialsEndpoint);
+    }
+    return createTableDirectIdempotently(
+        namespace,
+        request,
+        delegationModes,
+        resolvedMode,
+        refreshCredentialsEndpoint,
+        idempotencyKey.get());
+  }
+
+  private LoadTableResponse createTableDirectIdempotently(
+      Namespace namespace,
+      CreateTableRequest request,
+      EnumSet<AccessDelegationMode> delegationModes,
+      Optional<AccessDelegationMode> resolvedMode,
+      Optional<String> refreshCredentialsEndpoint,
+      String idempotencyKey) {
+
+    String operationType = "create-table";

Review Comment:
   Added an `IdempotentOperation` enum (`CREATE_TABLE("create-table")`) used at 
the handler/support boundary. 



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