szetszwo commented on pull request #614:
URL: https://github.com/apache/ratis/pull/614#issuecomment-1056960826


   > ... so what is the difference between learner and listener?
   
   A Learner will automatically convert to a voting member when it catches up, 
but a Listener will never convert automatically.
   
   Then, why we do need Learners?  It is for starting many new servers at the 
same time.  For example, a group originally has 3 nodes and we want to change 
it to 11 nodes.  If we add all the new nodes as voting members, the leader 
suddenly cannot commit anymore transactions since it no longer can commit to 
the majority.  It has to wait for some of the new nodes catching up.
   


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