dajac commented on code in PR #23732:
URL: https://github.com/apache/kafka/pull/23732#discussion_r4248886181


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group-coordinator/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/coordinator/group/assignor/uniform2/GroupModel.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.coordinator.group.assignor.uniform2;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.common.Uuid;
+import org.apache.kafka.coordinator.group.api.assignor.GroupSpec;
+import 
org.apache.kafka.coordinator.group.api.assignor.SubscribedTopicDescriber;
+import org.apache.kafka.coordinator.group.api.assignor.SubscriptionType;
+import org.apache.kafka.coordinator.group.assignor.uniform2.util.IntList;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * The members, the subscribed topics and the cohorts of a group, numbered by 
small integers.
+ *
+ * <p>Members are numbered in member id order and topics in topic id order, so 
that every
+ * decision taken on these numbers depends on the content of the input only, 
never on the
+ * iteration order of the collections of the spec. A cohort is a set of 
members having the same
+ * subscription; cohorts are numbered in the order of their first member. The 
topics are those
+ * subscribed by at least one member and which exist.
+ *
+ * <p>With a homogeneous subscription type, only the subscription of the first 
member is read,
+ * as the coordinator guarantees that every member has the same one, and the 
group is a single
+ * cohort. Otherwise every subscription is read once, and summarized by a hash 
of its topics
+ * that does not depend on their order, so that grouping the members into 
cohorts is linear in
+ * the size of the subscriptions.
+ */
+final class GroupModel {
+    /**
+     * Reads the subscriptions of the members, numbering their topics that 
exist in the order they
+     * are met, and remembering their partition counts.
+     */
+    private static final class SubscriptionReader {
+        private final GroupSpec groupSpec;
+        private final SubscribedTopicDescriber describer;
+
+        /**
+         * Per topic met, its number in the order met, or -1 if it does not 
exist, so that the
+         * describer is asked once per topic.
+         */
+        private final Map<Uuid, Integer> indices = new HashMap<>();
+
+        /**
+         * The topics met that exist, in the order met.
+         */
+        private final List<Uuid> ids = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        /**
+         * The partition counts of the topics met that exist, in the order met.
+         */
+        private final IntList partitionCounts = new IntList(16);
+
+        SubscriptionReader(GroupSpec groupSpec, SubscribedTopicDescriber 
describer) {
+            this.groupSpec = groupSpec;
+            this.describer = describer;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Reads the subscription of the member.
+         *
+         * @param memberId The member id.
+         * @param topics   Receives the numbers of its subscribed topics that 
exist.
+         */
+        void subscribedTopics(String memberId, IntList topics) {
+            for (Uuid topicId : 
groupSpec.memberSubscription(memberId).subscribedTopicIds()) {
+                var index = indices.get(topicId);
+                if (index == null) {
+                    // Met for the first time: numbered next, unless it does 
not exist.
+                    int partitionCount = describer.numPartitions(topicId);
+                    index = partitionCount < 0 ? -1 : ids.size();
+                    if (index >= 0) {
+                        ids.add(topicId);
+                        partitionCounts.add(partitionCount);
+                    }
+                    indices.put(topicId, index);
+                }
+                if (index >= 0) {
+                    topics.add(index);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The cohorts found so far, looked up by the topics of their subscription.
+     *
+     * <p>A subscription is summarized by a hash that does not depend on the 
order of its topics,
+     * and the cohorts with the same hash form a chain. A subscription equals 
a cohort of its
+     * chain when it has as many topics and its member subscribes to all the 
topics of the cohort,
+     * which the last subscriber of every topic tells without sorting the 
subscription nor copying
+     * it.
+     */
+    private static final class CohortsByTopics {

Review Comment:
   > This is actually a re-implementation of HashMap<subscription, int cohort> 
and could be swapped out, except Claude has written the class in a way that 
makes it very unclear.
   
   It is not quite the same as `HashMap<subscription, int cohort>`. 
Conceptually, yes, but performance matters a lot here. With 
`HashMap<subscription, int cohort>`, we would need to use `HashMap<Set<UUID>, 
int cohort>` or `HashMap<SortedList<UUID>, int cohort>` and using a Set and a 
sorted List has a higher cost than having our own hash. That being said, we can 
use `HashMap<Long, IntList>` and keep the performance boost. Let me know what 
you think about it.



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