As of 3 June 2021, WHO has evaluated that the following vaccines
against COVID-19 have met the necessary criteria for safety and efficacy:
* AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine
<https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-oxford-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know>
* Johnson and Johnson
<https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-j-j-covid-19-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know>
* Moderna
<https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-moderna-covid-19-mrna-1273-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know>
* Pfizer/BionTech
<https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/who-can-take-the-pfizer-biontech-covid-19--vaccine>
* Sinopharm
<https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-sinopharm-covid-19-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know>
* Sinovac
<https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-sinovac-covid-19-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know>
Read our Q&A
<https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-use-of-emergency-use-listing-procedure-forvaccines-against-covid-19>
on the Emergency Use Listing process to find out more about how WHO
assesses the quality, safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice
On 5/7/21 11:05 am, Kim Holburn wrote:
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.29.450356v1.abstract
Thrombocytopenia and splenic platelet directed immune responses after
intravenous ChAdOx1 nCov-19 administration.
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are based on a range of novel vaccine
platforms, with adenovirus-based approaches (like ChAdOx1 nCov-19)
being one of them. Recently a rare and novel complication of
SARS-CoV-2 targeted adenovirus vaccines has emerged: thrombosis with
thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS). TTS is characterized by low platelet
counts, clot formation at unusual anatomic sites and
platelet-activating PF4-polyanion antibodies reminiscent of
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Here, we employ /in vitro/ and /in
vivo/ models to characterize the possible mechanisms of this
platelet-targeted autoimmunity. We show that intravenous but not
intramuscular injection of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 triggers
platelet-adenovirus aggregate formation and platelet activation.
After intravenous injection, these aggregates are phagocytosed by
macrophages in the spleen and platelet remnants are found in the
marginal zone and follicles. This is followed by a pronounced B-cell
response with the emergence of circulating antibodies binding to
platelets. Our work contributes to the understanding of TTS and
highlights accidental intravenous injection as potential mechanism
for post-vaccination TTS. Hence, safe intramuscular injection, with
aspiration prior to injection, could be a potential preventive
measure when administering adenovirus-based vaccines.
--
Marghanita da Cruz
Telephone: 0414-869202
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://ramin.com.au
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