Linux-Hardware Digest #334, Volume #14 Mon, 12 Feb 01 13:13:05 EST
Contents:
Re: Elsa Gladiac Geforce2 MX 32MB AGP (Kenneth R�rvik)
Re: sound card (AWE32) noise problem (Markus Vuori)
Re: Support for 3Com 3C905C NIC ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: Partition help please ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: Linux motherboard support (hac)
Re: hard drive and DVD drive suggestions (Joshua Baker-LePain)
Iomega USB CDR ("Armond Perretta")
OnStream SC50 with new driver ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: Recovering QNX and AIX HDs with Linux (Bernd Huebenett)
Re: Asus A7V + Promise ATA100 + patch = :-( (Dirk Traenapp)
Re: Linux running hotter than 98SE ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: Sound card in Mandrake 7.2 (Alex Yung)
cd-rom won't boot (mesc)
Re: cd-rom won't boot (Josh Stern)
Re: Turning off dialtone check (How?) (Karl-Heinz Herrmann)
Re: ide dma timeout. lost irq, indefinite hang (Andrew Hately)
Re: sound card (AWE32) noise problem (Andrew Hately)
Re: @@@@ I have fogotten my password help!!! @@@@@@@ (Karl-Heinz Herrmann)
Re: Potential fix for Abit BP6 APIC Errors under Linux ("Martin Eriksson")
Re: (OT?) UPS Daemon an tty0 stoert mein Modem! (Karl-Heinz Herrmann)
Re: hedrick's ide patch for 2.2.14 (Ekkard Gerlach)
Re: mounting udf discs as nonroot (Gregory Davis)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: Re: Elsa Gladiac Geforce2 MX 32MB AGP
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Kenneth R�rvik)
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 14:12:53 GMT
[EMAIL PROTECTED] (Harri Haataja) wrote in
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:
>Kenneth R�rvik wrote:
>>[EMAIL PROTECTED] (Cuma) wrote in
>><[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:
>>
>>>Hi,
>>>I�ve got problems with this graphic card under Red Hat 7.0.
>>>Can anyone tell me where to get the drivers and how to install them?
>>
>>First of all - you should upgrade to XF86 4.0.2. www.xfree86.org
>
>.. or rawhide.
And then pay nVidia a visit at
http://www.nvidia.com/Products/Drivers.nsf/Linux.html - recommended. Even
if the drivers are proprietary... :/
--
Kenneth R�rvik 91841353/22950312
Nordbergv. 60 A [EMAIL PROTECTED]
0875 OSLO home.no.net/stasis
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Markus Vuori)
Subject: Re: sound card (AWE32) noise problem
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 14:17:32 +0000 (UTC)
On Mon, 12 Feb 2001 13:23:09 GMT, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>I have this Creative Labs AWE 32 and I noticed
>noise when the computer works - for example if I
>fire X there is a permanent noise (that increases
>if I move a window over the desktop), but even in
>console mode if I run a command like rpm -qa
>The problem doesn't appear in Windows; the sound
>is perfect :(
Do you have the PC-speaker output from motherboard
connected to the AWE? I have, and it causes quite a much
noise because in Linux, the initial speaker volume
is very high.
I compiled awe support as a module and inserted
`aumix -p 10' command into the init scripts right
after `modprobe sb'.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Support for 3Com 3C905C NIC
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 14:37:58 GMT
On Sat, 10 Feb 2001 20:22:44 GMT, Ed Hourigan <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
wrote:
>Ouch!
>Hey, I'm kinda new to this Linux stuff. I don't feel real comfortable
>re-building the kernel, just yet.
Compiling a kernel is NOT like writing code (programming). Basically
it is a case of playing 20 questions, and then watching a zillion
warning messages flash by. In general, compiling a kernel (almost)
never generates an error.
There are some questions you need to prepare for. Do you want to use
modules? What hardware do you have? What device is your root
filesystem going to be on (the support for that device needs to be
compiled in, and can't be a kernel module, or that used to be the
rule)? What filesystems do you want to be able to read? But don't
worry about having to know everything, if you don't understand a
question when you run some variation on make config, and you don't
understand the "help", just let the computer sit waiting for your
response and ask someone what the question means. That configuration
program can sit doing nothing forever. Once you make a new kernel,
there a few other steps needed, such as copying the kernel somewhere
"permanent", moving modules, and re-setting lilo. But don't be scared
of compiling a kernel because of that word "compiling". Basically,
it's a case of there nothing to go wrong. But, when you re-run lilo,
you don't want to set this new kernel to be the default. Have a
running kernel as the default, just in case your new kernel doesn't
run. Then, you can always go back and compile yet another kernel, to
fix up what caused the bad one to not run (usually just means changing
an option in that 20 questions game).
Gord
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Partition help please
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 14:39:15 GMT
In article <3a87db71$0$23094$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
[EMAIL PROTECTED] (Josh Stern) wrote:
> You can remove lilo from the master boot record of first ide hard
> drive by either running 'fdisk /mbr' under dos, or
> 'dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1; sync' under Linux
> (don't dare make any typos if you use the latter).
>
> If you want to continue to boot Linux, and also have the option
> for booting Dos or Windows then using lilo on the MBR is fine
> and what you want to do is add an option in /etc/lilo.conf
> and then re-run lilo. The option might be an extra couple
> lines looking like this:
>
> other=/dev/hda1
> label=Windows
>
> Then when your computer boots, you need to hit the <ctrl> key and
<tab>
> to get the full menu, otherwise the default boots after a delay.
> Options in /etc/lilo.conf control the length of the delay
> and which is the default.
>
> It's also possible to put up a splash screen with this menu and make
> it look better - Corel Linux, for one, did this. But I don't know
> offhand of a good package to recommend for other distros.
>
> -= Josh
Thanks, I'll give it a try this evening.
--
Mike
You can do anything you like with people if you will just save them the
trouble of thinking
Sent via Deja.com
http://www.deja.com/
------------------------------
From: hac <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Linux motherboard support
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 15:12:46 GMT
"Eric P. McCoy" wrote:
>
> Seems like most T-bird chipsets come from VIA, a company
> world-reknowned for having the engineering ability of a used condom,
> so you might ensure that Linux has workarounds for the appropriate VIA
> chipset. You should, at the very least, be able to make do with
> reduced functionality (i.e., slightly slower) until a fix comes out.
>
Intel sees VIA as a competitor. AMD sees VIA as a partner. The VIA
chipsets for the respective processors show that difference.
I stayed with my old motherboard using the Intel BX chipset way past
its normal life, because Intel dropped the ball and failed to make a
decent replacement. The success of the ServerWorks chipsets show just
how badly Intel fumbled. Intel may be straightening out their act
now, but in the meantime, I'm perfectly happy with the
Thunderbird/KT133A combo.
--
Howard Christeller Irvine, CA [EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: Joshua Baker-LePain <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: hard drive and DVD drive suggestions
Date: 12 Feb 2001 15:17:11 GMT
Matt Garman <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> For hard drives, I was thinking of either the IBM 36LZX 18 gb drive or the
> Quantum Atlas 10k II 18 gb drive. I'm looking to spend about $300 on a
> 18 gb hard drive.
Both fine choices. I've got a number of both types, and nary a problem
with any of them. You can't go wrong here.
--
Joshua Baker-LePain
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Duke University
------------------------------
From: "Armond Perretta" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Iomega USB CDR
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 10:14:41 +0500
I have so far tried the following with this device:
1-Complied a 2.4.1 kernel with the requisite scsi and usb modules and
filesystems. This kernel seems to check out and is patterned on
mpierce's suggestion in another post.
2-As per mpierce's suggestion, installed usbmgr and cofigured the
usbmgr.conf file. I added a line for the Iomega device using the
device and manufacturer id's available on linux-usb. Note: On
linux-usb this device is listed as supported.
3-Here is /etc/fstab (in part):
/dev/cdrom2 /mnt/cdrom2 iso9660 [etc]
In /dev there is a symlink from cdrom2 to scd0.
4-Then I rebooted the system and as root I ran /sbin/usbmgr and
tried "cdrecord -scanbus." The resulting error message is:
Cdrecord 1.9 (i586-mandrake-linux-gnu) Copyright (C) 1995-2000 Jorg
Schilling
cdrrecord: No such file or directory. Ccannot open SCSI driver.
cdrecord: For possible targets try 'cdrecord -scanbus'. Make sure
you are root.
I have no indication that the drive is actually mounted, although the
original Mandrake 7.2 install recognized "somethIing" plugged into
the usb port and set up a file in /mnt, an entry in fstab, and a
symlink in /dev.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: OnStream SC50 with new driver
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 15:25:10 GMT
Hello everybody,
got trouble getting my OnStream SC50 to run with linux (SuSE v7.0). I
am using the newest driver which is basically a linux /dev device and
OSG some control program (don't know what to do with it...).
Driver from:
ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/suse/i386/update/7.0/zq1/onstream-0.9.13_0.8.6.1-0.src.rpm
The module is loading without errormesages. But if i try to backup using
something like
tar cpf /dev/osst0 /bigdisk
the backup fails with the message:
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: /dev/osst0: Cannot write: Input/output error
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting
now
Syslog:
Feb 12 16:29:57 intraix kernel: osst0: Write (10240 bytes) not multiple
of tape block size (32k).
Now my question:
Has anybody a working ONSTREAM SC50 using Linux (2.2.16 krnl). If so i
would like to know what my fault is.... Cos i'm starting to think, that
this damn drive won't work under linux.
Thanx already.
Guy
--
---
http://www.raptus.com
mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent via Deja.com
http://www.deja.com/
------------------------------
From: Bernd Huebenett <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux,comp.os.linux.help
Subject: Re: Recovering QNX and AIX HDs with Linux
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 16:35:26 +0100
Hello,
no chance to recover data from an AIX Hardisk this way. It will be
easier to get an old and cheap RS/6000 and do the recovery this way.
Bye,
Bernd
Luigi Cavallo wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
> during a storm, a light crashed a few computers here, and two friends
> asked me for some help to try to recover data from a QNX and an AIX 3.2
> HD.
>
> As for the qnx, I included the qnx4 fs in the kernel, but when I try to
> mount the HD the kernel says that the HD is not QNX. I tried with several
> QNX floppies also, with the same results. However, the QNX computer of my
> friend is really old, I would say QNX0, and I wonder if the qnx4 fs
> supported now will not work on old QNX systems.
>
> As for the AIX HD, I have seen that fdisk includes AIX when I type "l",
> but I didn't see any AIX fs support in the kernel. In short, there's a way
> to put my hands on the data of the AIX HD, using an Alpha/Linux running RH
> 6.2 ?
>
> TIA
>
> luigi
>
> Dept. of Chemistry
> Univ. of Naples, Italy
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: Dirk Traenapp <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Asus A7V + Promise ATA100 + patch = :-(
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 16:32:11 +0100
Tim Van Holder wrote:
>
> By the way, do you know if it's safe to enable DMA for drives on the A7V
> (I have
> 2 Maxtor 60gig 7200RPM drives attached (one to the onboard controller
> and one
> to the onboard Promise controller)?
I think it is safe. I�m using kernel2.4.0 on A7V with an IBM45GB attached
to the PROMISE-Controller and a 20GB Seagate on the UDMA66-Controller.
Both drives are set to maxspeed (X68 and X69), maxmultisectorcount (16) and
DMA without any problems.
Nice speed 156MB/s / 36MB/s for the IBM!
cu
Dirk Traenapp
--
N N W W OO Dirk Traenapp,
NN N W W O O NWO, Zum Oelhafen 207, 26384 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
N NN W W W O O E-Mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
N N W W OO Phone: +49(0)4421 62-364 Fax:+49(0)4421 62-381
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Linux running hotter than 98SE
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 16:06:35 GMT
William Daffer <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> "Anthony Pioli" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>> > Under 'doze my system idles at around 30 C. Under linux, with no system
>> > activity, idle is around 48 C. Load under both OS is around 54 C.
>>
>>
>> Silly question - how did you get this info? I just got a KT7A board
>> and would like to find out the CPU temp also....
>>
> These instructions are for Redhat 7.0. YMMV!
> Install lm_sensors.
[snip]
What he said. Yeah, the KT7/KT7A are Abit boards. I think you'll need to
use the via686a sensors module to get the CPU temps.
/proc/modules:
via686a 8576 0 (unused)
sensors 5564 0 [via686a]
i2c-isa 1148 0 (unused)
i2c-core 12412 0 [via686a sensors i2c-isa]
I've tried using the 2.4.1 kernel but it still idles at 48 C.
SMP is off, APM enabled. Are there special command line settings
or an ampd upgrade I need?
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Alex Yung)
Subject: Re: Sound card in Mandrake 7.2
Date: 12 Feb 2001 16:21:49 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
This is what I have in "/etc/modules.conf" for OPL3:
alias sound-slot-0 opl3sa2
options sound dmabuf=1
alias midi opl3
options opl3 io=0x388
options opl3sa2 mss_io=0x530 irq=5 dma=1 dma2=0 mpu_io=0x330 io=0x370
Dag Kvammen ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote:
: I have not been able to configure my SB 16 sound card and I really
: don't know why... When I use DrakeConf and test the card I get sound,
: using the following configuration..
: I/O 280 IRQ 5 DMA8 1 DMA16/2 5 MPU 401 I/O 300 OPL3 I/O 388
: but when the test has finished I get an error message like this,
: /lib/modules/2.2.17-21mkd/misc/opl3.0:init_module: The unit or
: recource is occupied
: /lib/modules/2.2.17-21mkd/misc/opl3.0:insmod/lib/modules/2.2.17_21mkd/misc/opl3.0
: failed /lib modules/2.2.17_21 mkd/misc/opl.0: insmod midi0 failed
: And then everything is as before, the sound card isn't working. Any
: ideas of where the conflict might be?
: Dag
------------------------------
From: mesc <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: cd-rom won't boot
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 16:35:00 GMT
A few days ago I burned a debian ISO to disk and I tested it to see if
it would boot up after I was done,it booted up just fine and started the
install program.Now 2 days later when I'm ready to install it won't
boot.The cd-rom is still set to boot in the bios.I was going to make a
boot floppy then but the disk didn't have the boot.img or rescue.img on
it.Might I have a corrupt iso and even then why would it boot once?
Anyone else ever come across this?
Thank you,mesc
------------------------------
Subject: Re: cd-rom won't boot
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Josh Stern)
Date: 12 Feb 2001 16:41:43 GMT
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, mesc <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>A few days ago I burned a debian ISO to disk and I tested it to see if
>it would boot up after I was done,it booted up just fine and started the
>install program.Now 2 days later when I'm ready to install it won't
>boot.The cd-rom is still set to boot in the bios.I was going to make a
>boot floppy then but the disk didn't have the boot.img or rescue.img on
>it.Might I have a corrupt iso and even then why would it boot once?
>Anyone else ever come across this?
What else (hardware and software) did you change since you
booted the cdrom before?
-= Josh
------------------------------
From: Karl-Heinz Herrmann <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Turning off dialtone check (How?)
Date: 12 Feb 2001 18:11:25 +0100
"Neil Watson" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> I'm using mandrake 7.2 and a standard external modem. How do you turn off
> the check for a dial tone before dialing? I can't find an option for it
> anywhere and I have a strange dail tone on my phone line which it doesn't
> recognise.
Look in you modem command decsription, but probably at ATX3 somewhere
before the ATDxxxx dialing command will do.
K.-H.
--
===================================
Karl-Heinz Herrmann
E-Mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
===================================
------------------------------
From: Andrew Hately <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: ide dma timeout. lost irq, indefinite hang
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 17:15:32 GMT
I pulled out the gigabyte motherboard from machine 1 and stuck in a fic v503+
and the hang-forever problem seems to have gone. The little sleep problem and
the regularly cut coasters problem remain.
Andrew
------------------------------
From: Andrew Hately <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: sound card (AWE32) noise problem
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 17:18:33 GMT
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> The problem doesn't appear in Windows; the sound
> is perfect :(
Do you run your monitor at the same rate (screen freq & resolution) in windows
and linux?
Is you graphics card anywhere near your sound card? Could you separate them
more?
Andrew
------------------------------
From: Karl-Heinz Herrmann <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: @@@@ I have fogotten my password help!!! @@@@@@@
Date: 12 Feb 2001 18:16:24 +0100
login as root and read "man passwd", there is an option to change the
passwd of any user.
K.-H.
--
===================================
Karl-Heinz Herrmann
E-Mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
===================================
------------------------------
From: "Martin Eriksson" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: alt.comp.periphs.mainboard.abit
Subject: Re: Potential fix for Abit BP6 APIC Errors under Linux
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 18:22:38 +0100
I'll try this and report if it works...
"Adam Warner" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> Hi all,
>
> BP6 owners are probably aware of "APIC error on CPUx: xx(xx)" error
> messages under 2.4.x.
>
> Since virtual interrupt reassignment is part of the MPS 1.4 specification
> I have tested going back to MPS 1.1. So far no APIC errors. I have only
> tested this for a short while (at high load) and I wonder if this
> workaround also fixes the APIC errors that others experience.
>
> Regards,
> Adam
------------------------------
From: Karl-Heinz Herrmann <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: (OT?) UPS Daemon an tty0 stoert mein Modem!
Date: 12 Feb 2001 18:25:30 +0100
Gunter Lindemann <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> Bin ich hier OT?
no, this is the english speaking one. (Follow up set).
> Ich kann mein Modem nicht am 1. seriellen Anschlu� (tty0) betreiben,
> denn sobald beim Booten die Meldung "UPS Daemon started on tty0",
> Was macht eigentlich dieses UPS Daemon? Wei� jemand eine
> L�sung?
UPS stands for an emergency Battery power supply -- the ups daemon is
listening to ttyS0 to know if the power is fine or not. So this daemon
will naturally block the ttyS0 for your modem.
If it's SuSE go in the config file setup (somewhere in yast) and
switch off the ups daemon since you obviously don't have one :-)
K.-H.
--
===================================
Karl-Heinz Herrmann
E-Mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
===================================
------------------------------
From: Ekkard Gerlach <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: hedrick's ide patch for 2.2.14
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 12:39:03 +0100
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Joe Pfeiffer wrote:
>
> Ekkard Gerlach <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> >
> > somebody knows where I can get the ide-patch
> > (for AliV-Chipset support) for Kernel 2.2.14 ? In
> > .../kernel/hedrick/ there an no patches
> > below kernel 2.2.16.
>
> My experience was that you should buy a new motherboard -- I made the
> mistake of getting two AladdinV motherboards (Gigabyte GA-5AX) to run
> with AMD K6 processors. One wound up in a Windows environment, one in
> Linux. Neither I on the Linux side, nor my wife on the Windows side,
> was ever able to get either one of them to run reliably.
Hmmm .. I was working with Aladdin IV+ before AladdinV mainboard.
And I was working with 2.2.14. All (except
SCSI-Adapter aha1505) was working stable for 1 year.
(BTW: without patch aha1505 freezes the PC eihter ... tested
with 2.2.14-2.2.18. 2.2.18 is very bad because it freezes my
PC, too when dialing with CREATIX ISDN S0 PNP, too ... it's a long
story, I'll buy anther host adapter. BTW2: Win95 works fine with
aha1505 ! ). Is there a big difference between IV+ an V ?
>
> We updated to the latest BIOS patches. We applied every Windows patch
> we could find. We applied every Linux patch we could find, running
> versions 2.2.17, 2.2.18, and 2.4.0-test11. Nothing worked reliably,
> though each more recent Linux kernel was better than the one before.
> If you're set on keeping the motherboard, go to 2.4.0. Don't try to
> get 2.2.14 to behave with it.
I can hope , hope and hope! Okay last try with 2.4.0 .
Ekkard
------------------------------
From: Gregory Davis <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: mounting udf discs as nonroot
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2001 12:50:14 -0500
Gregory Davis wrote:
> I am trying to mount a udf cd in KDE as a user. Just clicking the
> desktop icon to mount a cd mounts the cd as an iso9660 filesystem. When
> I run "mount /dev/cdrom1 /burner -t udf" I get an error message saying
> only root has permission to do that. If I use the "su" command, I can
> mount the cd; however, I want to mount the cd as a user. How do I
> seduce "mount" into mounting the disc for me?
>
> Greg
Someone pointed out that I should have auto set in fstab, and that udf
should be in filesystems. They are, and are attached at bottom. The
problem is only root can mount a udf disc- anywhere- in my system. I think
that's silly and want to change that.
fstab:
/dev/hda1 /windows vfat noauto,user 0 0
/dev/hda3 / ext2 defaults 1 1
/dev/hda4 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2
/dev/hda6 swap swap defaults 0 2
/dev/hda5 /home ext2 defaults 1 2
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/cdrom /cdrom auto ro,noauto,user,exec 0 0
/dev/cdrom1 /burner auto ro,noauto,user,exec 0 0
/dev/fd0 /floppy auto noauto,user 0 0
filesystems:
nodev sockfs
nodev shm
nodev pipefs
nodev proc
ext2
minix
vfat
iso9660
udf
nodev autofs
nodev devpts
------------------------------
** FOR YOUR REFERENCE **
The service address, to which questions about the list itself and requests
to be added to or deleted from it should be directed, is:
Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
You can send mail to the entire list by posting to comp.os.linux.hardware.
Linux may be obtained via one of these FTP sites:
ftp.funet.fi pub/Linux
tsx-11.mit.edu pub/linux
sunsite.unc.edu pub/Linux
End of Linux-Hardware Digest
******************************
