Linux-Hardware Digest #482, Volume #14           Wed, 14 Mar 01 23:13:10 EST

Contents:
  Re: VIA82Cxxx Install Probs - MD 7.1 (Alberto BARSELLA)
  VIA chip support (Kirill Kozmin)
  Re: HP Surestore DLT problems (Dances With Crows)
  Re: VIA chip support (Dances With Crows)
  serial mouse & 486 ("narmer")
  Re: UDMA: can't turn it on with hdparm anymore. ("Loz")
  Funky Disk ("Loz")
  Re: Safe to use UDMA? ("Loz")
  3com Airconnect PCMCIA wireless lan & Linux ("Geek Mystique")
  Netgear FA310TX (SIOCSIFFLAGS) (Matthew Leonard)
  Re: Asus a7m266 support (Chad)
  Re: Netgear FA310TX (SIOCSIFFLAGS) (Matthew Leonard)
  Re: Modem not receive and send faxs (Mark Bratcher)
  Re: Disk geometry (Dances With Crows)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Alberto BARSELLA <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: VIA82Cxxx Install Probs - MD 7.1
Date: 12 Mar 2001 11:49:27 +0100

Peter Christy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> You should end up with three new directories, alsa-driver-0.5.10, 
> alsa-lib-0.5.10 and alsa-utils-0.5.10.

Grab also the latest alsaconf package.  It does not to a perfect work,
but makes life a lot easier, as it creates all the stuff which goes
into modules.conf by itself.
With Mandrake 7.2 it didn't work, you need to add an alias I don't
remember :), but which will be quite evident from the error message
you get when it fails to load a module.....

Have fun,
Alberto
-- 
Alberto BARSELLA
PGP fingerprint = 13 3F 22 D2 0B 0A D3 25  F1 89 FE B5 82 AD 75 2A
** Beliefs are dangerous. Beliefs allow the mind to stop functioning.
A non-functioning mind is clinically dead.  Believe in nothing... **

------------------------------

From: Kirill Kozmin <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: VIA chip support
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2001 01:47:50 +0100

Hi!
I have VIA686A chpset on my motherboard, but in kernel 2.4.2 there's
support only for VIA82Cxxx.
Can I somehow use my IDE controller?


------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Dances With Crows)
Subject: Re: HP Surestore DLT problems
Date: 15 Mar 2001 01:47:19 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

On 14 Mar 2001 13:43:30 GMT, Joshua Baker-LePain staggered into the
Black Sun and said:
>Dances With Crows <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> The distro is RedHat 7.0 (not my decision!) running kernel 2.2.17, the
>> architecture is DEC Alpha EV56.  The 53c875 is partially flaky; I blame
>What do you mean by partiall flaky?

Carp, I forgot to explain that.  Well, on install, the card appeared to
behave well.  However, it would flail about and die with many timeout
errors if more than one external device was connected.  Cabling and
termination were (and are) triple-checked.  Even with only one external
device connected, timeouts occurred every few minutes until I put the
side panel back on the case.  (Even with the side panel on, more than
one external device wouldn't work.)

Total cable length was always under 6m, and in the current config, it's
more like 3m.

>I would *strongly* suspect hardware.  I assume that you've tried
>multiple tapes, so it must be either the drive or the SCSI card.  Hook
>the drive onto another machine, and hang something else off of the SCSI
>controller.  Pound the #$!* out of both configs and let us know what
>happens.

Happening tomorrow bright and early.  In fact, the 53c875 should be
getting replaced with an Adaptec card if all goes well.

>And for $DEITY's sake, find a suitable goat this time.

MSU's agricultural/veterinary buildings across the road have horses,
sheep, cattle, turkeys, and chickens.  No goats.

-- 
Matt G|There is no Darkness in Eternity/But only Light too dim for us to see
Brainbench MVP for Linux Admin /  Workin' in a code mine, hittin' Ctrl-Alt
http://www.brainbench.com     /   Workin' in a code mine, whoops!
=============================/    I hit a seg fault....

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Dances With Crows)
Subject: Re: VIA chip support
Date: 15 Mar 2001 01:47:20 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

On Thu, 15 Mar 2001 01:47:50 +0100, Kirill Kozmin staggered into the
Black Sun and said:
>I have VIA686A chpset on my motherboard, but in kernel 2.4.2 there's
>support only for VIA82Cxxx.
>Can I somehow use my IDE controller?

Yes.  In the worst possible case, the controller will perform like a
generic "ST-506" controller, which will give you a max. transfer rate
somewhere around 3M/sec.  But it will work.  FWIW, the controller
chipset on my KT-7 board here is a VIA82c686A, and it works just fine
with the VIA82Cxxx support in kernel 2.2.18 (18 to 25M/sec using
UDMA/33)  The "xxx" means "it doesn't matter what number is here, as far
as we know," and is also found in the aic7xxx and sym53c8xx modules.
HTH,

-- 
Matt G|There is no Darkness in Eternity/But only Light too dim for us to see
Brainbench MVP for Linux Admin /  Workin' in a code mine, hittin' Ctrl-Alt
http://www.brainbench.com     /   Workin' in a code mine, whoops!
=============================/    I hit a seg fault....

------------------------------

From: "narmer" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: serial mouse & 486
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2001 22:16:59 GMT

I just recently did a full install of "Linux Slackware 3.5" on my 486
computer. I tried to configure my system using the gpm and XFree86, but
the mouse don't work.

My system is:
-486DX4 100MHz;
-Linux kernel 2.0.34 on Slackware 3.5;
-3-buttons MouseSystems Serial mouse on ttyS0.

Moreover:
-with gpm in use with the "MouseSystems" protocol, mouse don't work;
-XFree86 don't work with "Mouse device" on /dev/ttyS0 in XF86Config,
even if gpm is killed;
-XFree86 crashes if selected mouse protocol 'Auto' in XF86Config;
-gpm and XFree86 don't works with the "Microsoft" and others protocols;
-Serial ports are know at boot system:
 ttyS0 at 0x03f8, irq=4, UART 16550A
 ttyS1 at 0x02f8, irq=3, UART 16550A;
-There isn't any modem installed on system;
-There isn't any /dev/modem or others linked to /dev/ttyS0;
-Mouse don't work even with Slackware 7.0 installed;
-In file /proc/interrupts appear IRQ 4 serial if gpm is in use and don't
 have irq conflicts;
-In file /proc/ioports don't have conflicts;
-Same software configuration on Pentium 150 and Slackware 3.5 or 7.0 and
with same mouse don't have any problem, because mouse work fine;
-On Pentium 150 same mouse work with gpm and Xfree with "MouseSystems"
protocol;
-I have already consult man pages and howto's docs for gpm, XFree86,
 serial ports, 3-buttons mouses, ..., without obtain solutions to my
problem.

Does anyone know how I can get Slackware to recognize that a mouse
is on my system?
                                            Thanks, Narmer





------------------------------

From: "Loz" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: UDMA: can't turn it on with hdparm anymore.
Date: Thu, 8 Mar 2001 11:05:16 -0800


"Tim Moore" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> Alberto BARSELLA wrote:
> >
> > [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Dances With Crows) writes:
> >
> > > The 2.4.x series does not support DMA with VIA chipsets unless you do
a
> > > little hacking--some people have reported problems with data
corruption,
> > > so VIA DMA is not an option for Joe User until Hedrick and the other
IDE
> > > chipset gurus can find/fix the bugs.
> >

I noticed it disappear in 2.4.0 and 2.4.1, but it seems to be back in
2.4.2 - at least my VIA chipset is now letting me whack up my drives to UDMA
5. Hopefully this meens the IDE gurus are happy that they've sorted the
problems they had before.

Loz



------------------------------

From: "Loz" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Funky Disk
Date: Thu, 8 Mar 2001 11:46:33 -0800

Can some tell me what is going on with my hard drive?

I have two 42.9Gb drives on my primary IDE controller - hda is a Maxtor
54610H6, hdb a IBM-DTLA-307045.

I've got Linux installed on hdb, ME on hda (for the missus).

When attempting to install Linux (SuSE 7.0) the graphical CD rom installer
would freeze. Luckily they supply some older stuff with a boot floppy and a
text based installer that I was able to step around the issue (something to
do with hda)

ME claims to have a 63.4Gb partition on hda, it came presinstalled this way.
Scan disk appears ok with the drive but defrag and (windows) fdisk have
problems with it (whether thats because they can't cope with drives over
32Gb some ATA limit that LBA addressed? I don't know)

This is the ide section on dmesg:
===============
ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
VP_IDE: IDE controller on PCI bus 00 dev 21
VP_IDE: chipset revision 6
VP_IDE: not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
VP_IDE: VIA vt82c686a IDE UDMA66 controller on pci0:4.1
    ide0: BM-DMA at 0xd800-0xd807, BIOS settings: hda:DMA, hdb:DMA
    ide1: BM-DMA at 0xd808-0xd80f, BIOS settings: hdc:DMA, hdd:DMA
hda: Maxtor 54610H6, ATA DISK drive
hdb: IBM-DTLA-307045, ATA DISK drive
ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
hdc: Pioneer DVD-ROM ATAPIModel DVD-105S 012, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
hdd: PLEXTOR CD-R PX-W1210A, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14
ide1 at 0x170-0x177,0x376 on irq 15
hda: 90045648 sectors (46103 MB) w/2048KiB Cache, CHS=5605/255/63, UDMA(33)
hdb: 90069840 sectors (46116 MB) w/1916KiB Cache, CHS=5606/255/63, UDMA(33)
hdc: ATAPI 40X DVD-ROM drive, 512kB Cache, UDMA(33)
Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.12
hdd: ATAPI 32X CD-ROM CD-R/RW drive, 2048kB Cache, DMA
Partition check:
 hda: hda1 hda2 <hda: dma_intr: status=0x51 { DriveReady SeekComplete
Error }
hda: dma_intr: error=0x10 { SectorIdNotFound }, LBAsect=133130655, sector=0
hda: dma_intr: status=0x51 { DriveReady SeekComplete Error }
hda: dma_intr: error=0x10 { SectorIdNotFound }, LBAsect=133130655, sector=0
hda: dma_intr: status=0x51 { DriveReady SeekComplete Error }
hda: dma_intr: error=0x10 { SectorIdNotFound }, LBAsect=133130655, sector=0
hda: dma_intr: status=0x51 { DriveReady SeekComplete Error }
hda: dma_intr: error=0x10 { SectorIdNotFound }, LBAsect=133130655, sector=0
hda: DMA disabled
hdb: DMA disabled
ide0: reset: success
hda: read_intr: status=0x59 { DriveReady SeekComplete DataRequest Error }
hda: read_intr: error=0x10 { SectorIdNotFound }, LBAsect=133130655, sector=0
hda: read_intr: status=0x59 { DriveReady SeekComplete DataRequest Error }
hda: read_intr: error=0x10 { SectorIdNotFound }, LBAsect=133130655, sector=0
hda: read_intr: status=0x59 { DriveReady SeekComplete DataRequest Error }
hda: read_intr: error=0x10 { SectorIdNotFound }, LBAsect=133130655, sector=0
hda: read_intr: status=0x59 { DriveReady SeekComplete DataRequest Error }
hda: read_intr: error=0x10 { SectorIdNotFound }, LBAsect=133130655, sector=0
ide0: reset: success
hda: read_intr: status=0x59 { DriveReady SeekComplete DataRequest Error }
hda: read_intr: error=0x10 { SectorIdNotFound }, LBAsect=133130655, sector=0
end_request: I/O error, dev 03:02 (hda), sector 0
 >
 hdb: hdb1 hdb2 hdb3 hdb4 < hdb5 hdb6 hdb7 hdb8 >
=====================

In spite of this I can run ME with no apparent problem. I can also mount
hda1 as a vfat partition from within Linux, again with apparently no
problem. With a 2.4.2 kernel I can also go to UDMA 5 on both drives, getting
about 31Mb/s out of the Maxator and 36Mb/s out of the IBM drive.

hdparm -iv gives the following:

/dev/hda:
 multcount    = 16 (on)
 I/O support  =  1 (32-bit)
 unmaskirq    =  1 (on)
 using_dma    =  1 (on)
 keepsettings =  0 (off)
 nowerr       =  0 (off)
 readonly     =  0 (off)
 readahead    =  8 (on)
 geometry     = 5605/255/63, sectors = 90045648, start = 0

 Model=Maxtor 54610H6, FwRev=JAC61HU0, SerialNo=F605SKJC
 Config={ Fixed }
 RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=57
 BuffType=3(DualPortCache), BuffSize=2048kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=16
 DblWordIO=no, OldPIO=2, DMA=yes, OldDMA=0
 CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=90045648
 tDMA={min:120,rec:120}, DMA modes: mword0 mword1 mword2
 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, PIO modes: mode3 mode4
 UDMA modes: mode0 mode1 mode2 mode3 mode4 *mode5
 Drive Supports : Reserved : ATA-1 ATA-2 ATA-3 ATA-4 ATA-5 ATA-6


/dev/hdb:
 multcount    = 16 (on)
 I/O support  =  1 (32-bit)
 unmaskirq    =  1 (on)
 using_dma    =  1 (on)
 keepsettings =  0 (off)
 nowerr       =  0 (off)
 readonly     =  0 (off)
 readahead    =  8 (on)
 geometry     = 5606/255/63, sectors = 90069840, start = 0

 Model=IBM-DTLA-307045, FwRev=TX6OA60A, SerialNo=YMEYMMT8401
 Config={ HardSect NotMFM HdSw>15uSec Fixed DTR>10Mbs }
 RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=40
 BuffType=3(DualPortCache), BuffSize=1916kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=16
 DblWordIO=no, OldPIO=2, DMA=yes, OldDMA=2
 CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=90069840
 tDMA={min:120,rec:120}, DMA modes: mword0 mword1 mword2
 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:240,w/IORDY:120}, PIO modes: mode3 mode4
 UDMA modes: mode0 mode1 mode2 mode3 mode4 *mode5
 Drive Supports : Reserved : ATA-2 ATA-3 ATA-4 ATA-5

I'd guess the partition table on hda is screwed and that its pointing to
sectors that aren't on the drive (would explain why ME thinks it has a
63.4Gb partition on a 45Gb drive - the company supplying the computer were
supposed to supply a raid controller - the 60Gb partition was supposed to be
over both drives). I'm not au-fait enought with LBA to figure out whether
that sector is supposed to exist but I'm guessing that because
133130655 (LBA sector it can't read) > 90045648 (LBA sectors disk reports)
and also 42.9Gb * 133130655 / 90045648 = 63.4Gb that linux is trying to look
where the second partition should be even though this manifestly isn't on
the disk.
I'd also guess that sometime in the future when I actually get to 42.9Gb ME
is suddenly going to have a very large problem.

Does anyone know of a tool I can use to fix this problem without losing all
the data on hda?

cheers

Loz ([EMAIL PROTECTED])



------------------------------

From: "Loz" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Safe to use UDMA?
Date: Tue, 6 Mar 2001 22:34:25 -0800

>  But when I do this, I have no idea what DMA mode
>  the drive is actually using, because I haven't specified any -X option.

If you are lucky hdparm -i will have an asterix next to the mode it is
using.

Loz




------------------------------

From: "Geek Mystique" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: 3com Airconnect PCMCIA wireless lan & Linux
Date: Tue, 13 Mar 2001 21:09:24 GMT

Hi,
I'm thinking about installing Linux on my laptop.. My problem is, i
regularly use a 3com Airconnect wireless LAN card, and i'm not sure if it'll
function under linux..

Is there any driver support for this piece of hardware?


Thanx,
Geek



------------------------------

From: Matthew Leonard <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.networking
Subject: Netgear FA310TX (SIOCSIFFLAGS)
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2001 03:20:21 GMT

I just installed RH 7.0 on my Intel P3.  I am trying to setup my NIC so
I can connect via Verizon aDSL.  I can't seem to get Linux to probe and
recognize my Netgear card (PCI).  I have tried setting it up with every
IRQ (and tried it without setting any), and whenever I try running ifup
eth0, I get these errors:

SIOCSIFFLAGS: Resource temporarily unavailable
SIOCSIFFLAGS: Resource temporarily unavailable

I tried ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.1 up and it SEEMS to work (still getting
the above errors) since I can ping 10.0.0.1 and ifconfig lists the eth0
interface without errors.  But then I try to connect to my DSL modem and
nothing happens.  I would suspect that its my aDSL PPPoE software, but
when run in debug mode, it states that the network is down (after those
tests above).  I have installed the correct driver (tulip.o) with
insmod, but it doesnt seem to help.  I have disabled PnP, but that just
makes it so that the interface can't be intialized at all.  I have tried
everything I can think of and have read every HOW-TO I thought might
help, and now I ask for someone's, anyone's help...

Thanks!
Matt
(sorry for the Xpost)


------------------------------

From: Chad <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Asus a7m266 support
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2001 03:30:04 -0000

Yes, I just got my new board last week, and was able to load RedHat 7.0 on 
it.  However I could not load Mandrake 7.2, Corel or Debian.  Most likely 
it's because I have Intel processor versions, and I need to get AMD 
versions.  I don't have the All-In-Wonder though, I am running ATI Rage 
Fury Pro, but I would think if mine works, so should yours since they are 
both ATI. Good luck!

Robert Bognar wrote:
> 
> is the new asus a7m266 mb supported under linux? it uses ddr ram, amd 760
> chipset.  has anyone used one yet?
> 


--
Posted via CNET Help.com
http://www.help.com/

------------------------------

From: Matthew Leonard <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.networking
Subject: Re: Netgear FA310TX (SIOCSIFFLAGS)
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2001 03:36:20 GMT

One other question:
Why is it when I do a cat /proc/pci the ethernet adapter does appear (which
shows me that linux does "see" the card), it is listed as "LiteOn LNE100TX",
not a "NetGear FA310TX"?

Matthew Leonard wrote:

> I just installed RH 7.0 on my Intel P3.  I am trying to setup my NIC so
> I can connect via Verizon aDSL.  I can't seem to get Linux to probe and
> recognize my Netgear card (PCI).  I have tried setting it up with every
> IRQ (and tried it without setting any), and whenever I try running ifup
> eth0, I get these errors:
>
> SIOCSIFFLAGS: Resource temporarily unavailable
> SIOCSIFFLAGS: Resource temporarily unavailable
>
> I tried ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.1 up and it SEEMS to work (still getting
> the above errors) since I can ping 10.0.0.1 and ifconfig lists the eth0
> interface without errors.  But then I try to connect to my DSL modem and
> nothing happens.  I would suspect that its my aDSL PPPoE software, but
> when run in debug mode, it states that the network is down (after those
> tests above).  I have installed the correct driver (tulip.o) with
> insmod, but it doesnt seem to help.  I have disabled PnP, but that just
> makes it so that the interface can't be intialized at all.  I have tried
> everything I can think of and have read every HOW-TO I thought might
> help, and now I ask for someone's, anyone's help...
>
> Thanks!
> Matt
> (sorry for the Xpost)

--
=============================================================================

Matthew Leonard
Graduate Student, Department of Computer Science
University of New Hampshire
Phone: 603-862-3786
TA for CS 403 Section 2 (Prof. Weiner)
Office Hours: M 6-8, Tu 3:30-5, Th 6-8 in Kingsbury M115
http://www.cs.unh.edu/~mel2
=============================================================================




------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Mark Bratcher)
Subject: Re: Modem not receive and send faxs
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2001 04:02:09 GMT

On Wed, 14 Mar 2001 23:10:10 +0300, Cityline <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> took up their 
discourse and spake:
>Modem not receive and send faxs
>Hello All!
>I have a problem. I am using Red Hat 5.2 on my server and HylaFax as
>fax-program. I have modem Zyxel U1496E+, it's good fax-modem. When I am
>working in Internet, the modem's  work  is fine. But when I want to receive
>or to send the fax, modem do not work! Transfer is beginning, run,run, and
>... error!!!    The connection is dead. And this situation each case is
>repeating. I think,  I incorrectly made settings of Hylafax or faxgetty, or
>modem.
>If You can help me, I shall be very grateful!  In Russia not enough
>information about Linux, Hylafax, etc!
>Best regards!
>Dima mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]

Are you sure it's your modem setup or Linux setup, and not the connection
to the other fax that's the problem? Some fax/modem cards don't connect
reliably to some other fax/modem cards or fax machines.

If you can, try to connect to a couple of other different fax machines
or fax receivers first and see if you get the same problem.

-- 
Mark Bratcher
To reply direct, remove both underscores (_) from my email name
===============================================================
Escape from Microsoft's proprietary tentacles: use Linux!

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Dances With Crows)
Subject: Re: Disk geometry
Date: 15 Mar 2001 04:07:23 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

On Mon, 12 Mar 2001 21:54:54 +0100, [EMAIL PROTECTED] staggered into the Black
Sun and said:
>On 12 Mar 2001 01:00:58 GMT, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Dances With Crows)
>wrote:
>>still plague us today.  Originally, they decided that the disk
>>controller should access the disk directly, and that no hard drive would
>>have more than 16 heads, 1024 cylinders, and 63 sectors/track.  This
>Yes, I knew that a very common "trick" is to modify the number of
>cylinders and heads to avoid catching up with the different disk
>barriers.
>But there is an interesting detail. The cylinder and head values are
>modified (divided and multiplied, in this order) by the same number:
>2, 4, 8 or 16. But, originally, they are real (physical) values.
>Before and after this operation, the total size of the disk is the
>same.
>In my case, the supposed physical value is 16. Buy why? :-)
>This value is correct, of couse. It is the only one that fits when I
>calculate disk size.

A modern disk does not have anything like the simple C/H/S physical
geometry the BIOS is expecting.  For starters, all modern disks use
Zoned Bit Recording, so that the parts of the disk closest to the
spindle have fewer sectors per track than the parts of the disk farthest
away from the spindle.  This complication throws the simple C/H/S
gemoetry out the window; DOS and the BIOS cannot deal with disks that
have varying numbers of sectors per track!  The "physical geometry" your
disk is reporting is determined by a ruleset like so:

0. choose a number of heads (usually 16 or 255, often selectable by a
jumper on the back of the disk)
1. set the sectors/track to 63
2. set the number of cylinders to something that will give a number as
close as possible to the true size of the disk without going over the
actual capacity.
3. report the values found in steps 0-2 as the physical geometry
4. do C/H/S conversion if the BIOS or Lose9x use C/H/S values, use LBA
if saner device drivers want it.  Mapping from CHS or LBA to actual
locations on disk is done by the drive's logic board; it is almost
impossible to access a specific physical location on disk with normal
software.  Drive manufacturers build special software for each type of
drive to do things like the old "low-level format".

>By the way, I have heard about another interesting book: PC Hardware
>in a Nutshell from O'Reilly. Have anyone read it?

Haven't seen this one, but I've found that the "Nutshell" series often
doesn't have enough detail for obtaining a deep understanding of a
subject.  Probably a decent start, though, and certainly less expensive
than the book I mentioned....

-- 
Matt G|There is no Darkness in Eternity/But only Light too dim for us to see
Brainbench MVP for Linux Admin /  Workin' in a code mine, hittin' Ctrl-Alt
http://www.brainbench.com     /   Workin' in a code mine, whoops!
=============================/    I hit a seg fault....

------------------------------


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