>>>>> "newlxuser" == newlxuser <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
newlxuser> 2) What is the meaning of this : In your /etc directory
newlxuser> there should be a PPP directory: drwxrwxr-x 2 root root
newlxuser> 1024 Oct 9 11:01 ppp If does not exist, create it with
newlxuser> these ownerships and permissions.
newlxuser> i) What is the exact meaning of "drwxrwxr-x". I think
newlxuser> d=directory, rw=read/write access. What is remaining
newlxuser> part ? And the succeding "2" ?
'x' is execute. I assume you know what these mean in the case of
regular files.
For a directory, if someone has 'r' on it, he can read the contents of
the directory - the contents are usually a listing of the files
contained in the directory, so the 'r' means one can ls(1) the
contents of the directory.
Similarly, 'w' means he can write to the directory - ie, create new
files in the directory (which correspond to adding a new file entry in
the directory) - maybe via touch(1).
'x' means you can search in the directory - ie, without it, you can
see what the contents of the directory are, but you cannot do stat(2)
on those contents. So, while you can know the names of the files
inside such a directory, without the 'x', you cannot see these files'
sizes, types, ownerships etc.
Now the '2' - that is the number of links to the directory - first,
itself, and then the special link called '.' inside it. If you create
a subdirectory inside your directory, then that subdirectory will have
a special link '..' to your directory, and you will find that the
number 2 increased to 3.
newlxuser> ii) How to assign ownerships and permissions in above
newlxuser> case ?
chmod(1), chown(1).
newlxuser> set up this way, then as root issue the command: chmod
newlxuser> u+s /usr/sbin/pppd i) "set uid root" means what ? ii)
newlxuser> "chmod u+s /usr/sbin/pppd" means what ?
So that, when you run that program, it run's with root's privileges,
and not just with your privileges. A default user has no permission to
access the serial port, or modify resolver configuration, or adjust
the kernel routing table - all of which pppd routinely does. But the
suid root pppd binary can do all this.
You might want to refer to a basic Unix book if you are not familiar
with user/groups, permissions, setuid etc.
newlxuser> 3) How to achieve this : When I get local mail , a
newlxuser> message " You have new mail" appears . Is it possible
newlxuser> to do something , so that along with this message only
newlxuser> the headers of the accumulated mail are displayed on
newlxuser> the screen ? If yes, then how ?
Enable the comsat service in your /etc/inetd.conf. Then add 'biff y'
to your startup files. Read man pages of biff and comsat for further
details.
newlxuser> 4) While creating, compilling and linking and checking
newlxuser> the o/p of a C program in DOS, I use Turbo C IDE. Is
newlxuser> there such IDE in Linux ? If no, then how to automate
newlxuser> these jobs in one go ? Can somebody provide me the
newlxuser> shell script ? Or is there some-way while we are in
newlxuser> "vi" editing mode ( any other editor will do ) .
man/info make for the automating part. :help make from within vim to
use it from there.
It might pay for you to learn emacs if you are going into serious
development. Vim still lacks some of the advanced developer oriented
features, like integration with gdb and CVS/RCS. info emacs for
details. Emacs can beat any IDE bloatware any day.
Finally, personal choice, of course, whether to use vim or emacs.
Binand
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