Dear newlxuser,
In a newsgroup posting DO NOT club numerous queries into
one mail ... It becomes impossible to reply ... Making a reply
with quite some effort (and confusion) ...
On Sun, Jul 08, 2001 at 02:02:57PM +0530, newlxuser wrote:
> Good Linux to e'body, Pl tell me :
>
> 1) If HDD have saparate partition for RH6.2 . Booting to
> linux from C: drive via loadlin. In such case, is LILO
> neccesary ? Booting parameters are passed to kernel directly
> or through LILO ? Or something else is happening .
>
If you boot via loadlin, keeping lilo is NOT mandatory.
However, it is a good idea to keep lilo, in case you want to
use the default rescue disk made by all distros in linux ...
Alternatively, you can cook your own on a MS-DOS boot diskette
with loadlin, calling the kernel image (usually vmlinuz) from
your floppy to boot the requisite partition where linux is
installed.
Kernel parameters may be passed through loadlin as well.
Please see the loadlin docs ... passing parameters through
lilo is of relevance only when you call up the kernel through
lilo.
Booting is completed by the init scripts after the kernel is
loaded. The section for which the kernel is responsible can
be found out by running "dmesg" ... the rest is by the
init scripts, for which different distros follow different
policies.
> 2) What is the meaning of this : In your /etc directory
> there should be a PPP directory:
> drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 1024 Oct 9 11:01 ppp
> If does not exist, create it with these ownerships and
> permissions.
>
Because the system is capable of supporting multiple users,
everything the system manages has a set of permissions
governing who can read, write, and execute the resource. These
permissions are stored as an octet broken into three pieces,
one for the owner of the file, one for the group that the
file belongs to, and one for everyone else. This numerical
representation works like this:
Value Permission Directory Listing
0 No read, no write, no execute ---
1 No read, no write, execute --x
2 No read, write, no execute -w-
3 No read, write, execute -wx
4 Read, no write, no execute r--
5 Read, no write, execute r-x
6 Read, write, no execute rw-
7 Read, write, execute rwx
> i) What is the exact meaning of "drwxrwxr-x". I think
> d=directory, rw=read/write access. What is remaining part ?
> And the succeding "2" ?
Yes, d = directory. This is automatically written when you
create a directory with the mkdir command. You need to do
nothing. You can set the attributes (e.g. 755 which means the
user is 7 while others and group can only read and execute).
Just see this:
aedes:~# mkdir junk
aedes:~# chmod 755 junk
aedes:~# ls -al junk
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Jul 8 16:17 .
Notice the "d" ? see the missing "w" for others and group ? I
used only three commands above, do you notice that both "d"
and "2" have come on its own ?
Yes, there are some times when this need not be "2" and you
need to change this. Get hold of some good Unix book, and do
some reading ... Answering this bit would be rather drawn out.
>
> ii) How to assign ownerships and permissions in above case ?
>
chown and chgrp commands [RTFM please ...]
> 3) What is the meaning of this :
> If users other than root are to setup PPP connections,
> the pppd
> program should be set uid root:
> -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 95225 Jul 11 00:27 /usr/sbin/pppd
> If /usr/sbin/pppd is not set up this way, then as root
> issue the command:
> chmod u+s /usr/sbin/pppd
> i) "set uid root" means what ?
> ii) "chmod u+s /usr/sbin/pppd" means what ?
This section above needs a lot of explanation. Skipping it for
the moment. Will come back to you when I am more free, and you
have done the requisite reading, and doubts persist even after
that, (perhaps on PMO). This is standard Unix NOT only Linux.
> 3) How to achieve this : When I get local mail , a message
> "You have new mail" appears. Is it possible to do something,
> so that along with this message only the headers of the
> accumulated mail are displayed on the screen ? If yes, then
> how ?
>
This message comes whenever there is new mail in
/var/spool/mail/bish. May come up immediately after you log
on, or on arrival of new mail. This is just a prompt to view
your new mail, otherwise, you may never notice. If you have
mailx package installed, just typing "mail" will display From
Date Subject fields. You may even fire mutt or pine, or even a
X windows mailer thereafter, if you are unhappy with the mailx
interface.
> 4) While creating, compilling and linking and checking the
> o/p of a C program in DOS, I use Turbo C IDE. Is there such
> IDE in Linux ? If no, then how to automate these jobs in one
> go ? Can somebody provide me the shell script ? Or is there
> some-way while we are in "vi" editing mode ( any other
> editor will do ) .
This is a matter of preference. In my DOS days, I used to code
in ne and compile/ link through hand made batch files. Borland
surely spoilt peoples habits, and therefore expectations ...
There is NO equivalent of a Borland IDE, however, many editors
can do syntax highlighting, calling up the compiler/ debugger
etc (eg. emacs, xwpe, nedit etc) ... but that is NOT a portion
of GCC, or any of the other complers used in Linux. These
emacs freaks can give you a better insight. These guys do
everything in emacs (inclusive of net access/ mailing and
coding and compiling all in the same session!) ... ask them!
By habit, everything is either command line or shell script
for me ... and I aim to keep it so ... can't learn any more !
>
> 5) Can I run foxpro and/or clipper in Linux ? Directly or
> through UMSDOS will do. If yes, how and will the .dbf files
> created so in Linux portable in DOS. ( I had read about
> Clipper in some magazine, but do'nt remember ).
>
There is no FoxPro in Linux. There is a commercial product
called FlagShip (IIRC) which is a Fox clone. You would have to
do dBase programming in "dosemu" (NOT umsdos - that is a
filing system like vfat and ext2). You would be using the
native DOS FoxPro IDE under dosemu. The .dbf files would be
written to your dos partitions/ disks. It is just like working
in pure DOS ... However, there are programs in Linux which can
read/ extract from .dbf files, and even import to sqls used in
this environment (e.g. postgres, msql, mysql etc).
>
> 6) My friend said Linux is not a "pure OS". When asked to
> elaborate, he could not reply. Is there any such concept of
> Pure OS or Hybrid OS ?
>
An OS is an OS ... AFAIK, these concepts of purity comes in
when compared with AT&T Unix and meeting POSIX standards.
Linux is very much POSIX compliant. I do not know if there is
any need to split hair here. But puritans may disagree ...
Another flame war ?
After all these years I really don't know the basic concepts
of "purity" ... I suspect others are not much better off ....
Only that they don't admit.
When ignorance is bliss, it is perhaps folly to be wise.
Bish
_______________________________________________
linux-india-help mailing list
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/linux-india-help
