Linux-Misc Digest #694, Volume #25 Thu, 7 Sep 00 22:13:03 EDT
Contents:
Re: Script Kiddies? (Bill Peacock)
Pentium III Speed (Thierry)
Goddamnit! Can't download files (Praedor Tempus)
Re: can't umount /usr/ (Bob McLaren)
Re: removing double files (Garry Knight)
Re: help with alsa and intel i810 (D G)
Re: Lilo removal from mbr (Anita Lewis)
ASCII File transfer over Ethernet to Mulitport Serial on Linux box? (John Doe)
Re: please please help, printer trouble (David Rysdam)
Re: pap-secrets (Bill Unruh)
Re: Where is setenv in Red Hat 6.2? (Bill Unruh)
Re: pppd wants remote sysyem to authenticate (Bill Unruh)
Re: Lilo removal from mbr ("CatfishFred")
My project. ("d3v")
Re: Help on mathematical functions ("Andrew N. McGuire ")
ppp, direct lan connection, and squid ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: Apache/ipchains problem... (Steve)
Re: How do you change the timezone on Linux? (Steve)
Re: XWindow -- RESET ???? (Steve)
Re: upgrade RPM (Steve)
The Government's Decision to Use Microsoft ("TechnoJoe")
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: Bill Peacock <billpea @flash.net>
Subject: Re: Script Kiddies?
Date: Fri, 08 Sep 2000 00:15:17 GMT
On Fri, 01 Sep 2000, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, David Steuber wrote:
>>Someone said:
>>' It'll take script kiddies ages to to sort that out.
script kiddies are hackers that use scripts (all types) to hack into systems/
>>What are script kiddies? Are these people who write complex shell,
>>Perl, Tcl, Python, etc programs and scripts, or are these people who
>>are stuck in BASIC? Or are these people who simply do not know C?
>>
>>I want to know!
>>
>>--
>>David Steuber | "Are you now, or have you ever been, a member
>>NRA Member | of the NRA?" --- HUAC, 2004
>>
>>Happiness is a SAAB Gripen <http://www.gripen.saab.se/> in the
>>garage, an FN-FAL in the safe, and an HK P7M8 on the hip.
>
>http://rootprompt.org/article.php3?article=159
------------------------------
From: Thierry <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Pentium III Speed
Date: Fri, 08 Sep 2000 00:19:24 +0000
Hi,
I just bought a Sony Vaio F560 laptop with a pentium III 600 Mhz. I
installed Linux mandrake 7.1, which works fine, but on the login screen
there is indicated that my processor is a 498 MHZ, do you know why ?
thanks a lot
thierry
------------------------------
From: Praedor Tempus <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Goddamnit! Can't download files
Date: Thu, 07 Sep 2000 18:16:50 -0600
This is really beginning to tick me off.
Lately I have been unable to download files. I have
tried with ncftp and plain old ftp. Neither works.
What happens is that it appears to download fine, all
the way to the end, but at the end, the connection
doesn't terminate and just doesn't complete.
Using Netscape, I tried downloading a couple of
RPMs from rufus.rpmfind. Both rpms downloaded 100%
but the download window will NOT close. I cannot
install the rpms because of this.
If I try to download via CLI using ncftp, the same
thing occurs. The download goes to "completion"
but wont really complete the transaction.
What. Is. Wrong. Please, does anyone know what
the deal here might be?
How do I fix this?
I am running Mandrake 7.1, kernel-2.2.17, glibc-2.1.3-6mdk,
Netscape 4.72 (which has worked fine until very recently),
ncftp-3.0.1-6mdk.
Anyone? Anyone?
praedor
------------------------------
From: Bob McLaren <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: can't umount /usr/
Date: Fri, 08 Sep 2000 00:16:10 GMT
I have the same problem on my system. I used lsof and fuser and sure enough there
were plenty of processes using /usr. However, after killing every process running on
/usr even though I can manually umount it, I still get an error during shutdown that
it could not umount the device because it was busy.
I even tried, "fuser -km /usr ; shutdown -h 0" that *should* effectively kill any
process running off of /usr and then shutdown. It appeared to kill all the processes
but /usr STILL would not umount nicely.
Tony, I noticed that in runlevels 1 and 2 this problem did not occur, did you find
the same?
Any ideas would be greatly appreciated.
"Andrew N. McGuire" wrote:
> On 4 Sep 2000, Andreas Kahari quoth:
>
> ~~ Date: 4 Sep 2000 10:56:02 +0100
> ~~ From: Andreas Kahari <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> ~~ Newsgroups: comp.os.linux.misc
> ~~ Subject: Re: can't umount /usr/
> ~~
> ~~ In article <8oucfi$ul7$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Tony <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> ~~ >When shutting down the OS it reports a problem of not being able to
> ~~ >umount /usr/. I have tried to umount -f /usr/ and I've tried remounting
> ~~ >/usr/ in read only, but I can't seem to do anything. How can one umount
> ~~ >a drive that is busy?
> ~~ >
> ~~ >If a drive is busy, how can you tell why it's busy?
> ~~
> ~~ I can't answer those q's, but...
>
> man fuser
>
> ~~ > Is there a way to
> ~~ > see what files are open or in use?
> ~~
> ~~ Use 'lsof'.
>
> Exactly.
>
> anm
> --
> Andrew N. McGuire
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> perl -le'print map?"(.*)"?&&($_=$1)&&s](\w+)]\u$1]g&&$_=>`perldoc -qj`'
--
Bob
------------------------------
From: Garry Knight <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: removing double files
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2000 00:00:18 +0100
Bruno van Wayenburg <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>I have been archiving a lot recently, in order to transfer all files
>from scattered accounts to my (slackware) linux system. As a result, I
>have a lot of identical files in separate directories. Is there an app
>that finds double files, and deletes all but one if they are really
>equal. Thank you.
Hmmm... If there were such an app, what algorithm would it use to decide which
of the following two duplicate files to delete?
/etc/fstab
/root/backups/fstab
Anyway, try rpmfind or freshmeat for finddupe.
--
Garry Knight
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: D G <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: help with alsa and intel i810
Date: Thu, 07 Sep 2000 17:31:16 -0700
Neil wrote:
>
> Can anyone explain this one ?
>
> I had to compile with oss support off.
Why?
> If loading soundcore module compile
> failed saying "load soundcore ..."
Do you have the soundcore module? You might also need soundlow and
sound.
>
> I run SuSE 6.3
>
> socrates:root /opt/vmware >modprobe snd-card-intel8x0
>
> Note: /etc/modules.conf is more recent than /lib/modules/2.2.13/modules.dep
> /lib/modules/2.2.13/misc/snd-timer.o: unresolved symbol waitqueue_lock
> /lib/modules/2.2.13/misc/snd-timer.o: insmod
> /lib/modules/2.2.13/misc/snd-timer.o failed
> /lib/modules/2.2.13/misc/snd-timer.o: insmod snd-card-intel8x0 failed
'depmod -a' as root?
>
> --- my section of /etc/conf.modules ----
>
> alias char-major-116 snd
> options snd snd_major=116 snd_cards_limit=2
> # alias char-major-14 soundcore
> ## Cards
> alias snd-card-0 snd-card-intel8x0.o
I don't have my configuration handy, but I think you need more than
this. Alternatively, copy the alsasound service file into
/etc/rc.d/init.d (maybe it's different on suse? /etc/init.d?) and run it
as a service (e.g.: 'alsasound start' 'alsasound stop').
--
DG
e-mail is: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
(remove the Z's--they're what I do when I read SPAM!)
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Anita Lewis)
Crossposted-To: alt.uu.comp.os.linux.questions,comp.linux.setup,comp.os.linux.x
Subject: Re: Lilo removal from mbr
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Fri, 08 Sep 2000 00:36:50 GMT
On Thu, 7 Sep 2000 21:27:27 GMT, oneal wrote:
>What about LILO -u ? I read this was the way to uninstall it. I have
>windows 98 running on my 1st HDD. Wouldn't fdisk /mbr affect windows
>o.s. too?
>Oh by the way, I'm a 1972 graduate of UNM. I can't say I miss all the
>dust storms down there though. Too hot too!
>Oneal
DOS 'fdisk /mbr' will not hinder a windows boot. In fact I think that is
part of what happens when you install windows. It overwrites the mbr and
you lose lilo.
lilo -u or lilo -U will write the saved copy of the mbr back to it. I'm
not sure, but I think that if you had lilo in the mbr and then ran lilo
again, your copy of the mbr would be that of the first lilo install. I
don't know for sure, but I would think that each time lilo runs it stores a
copy of the current mbr. So it would work if the last mbr you had before
the current one was the one that windows made.
I also don't know if you can boot windows into dos mode, like with F8 or by
using that selection on the Start/Shutdown menu, and then run 'fdisk /mbr'
and have it work. That would be handy for someone who did not have a dos
boot floppy.
Anita
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (John Doe)
Subject: ASCII File transfer over Ethernet to Mulitport Serial on Linux box?
Date: Fri, 08 Sep 2000 00:45:48 GMT
Surely someone has tackled this type of task before but I'm unable to
find any docs to get me going.
I work in a machine shop and the machinery uses ASCII files to control
the machine movements. Currently we have the switch box setup to
select which Win98 computer sends/recieves to which machine. We'd like
to switch to multiport serial devices on a Linux server (where the
files will be stored for re-use) to eliminate the problems we are
having with the boxes (not a pleasant enviroment).
My problem is I'm a newbie to Linux (it took me a week to get the
ports to work) and I can't quite see all the pieces to this task.
Any advice or links would be appreciated
John Branlund
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (David Rysdam)
Subject: Re: please please help, printer trouble
Date: 7 Sep 2000 23:53:13 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
=====BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE=====
Hash: SHA1
Try here:
http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_printer.cgi?recnum=61248
And [EMAIL PROTECTED] Spoke:
>Hi,
>
>THIS LINUX PRINTING IS DRIVING ME NUTS.
>
>I have been trying to get my EPSON Stylus COLOR IIs (TRIGEM) printer
>working on redhat 6.1 for about three months on and off,
>"UNSUCCESSFULLY" of course.
>
>The problem is that i want to print using black ink-cartrege,
>as most of my printing is black documents.
>
>I have tried various Ghostscript devices, uniprint drivers
>read the docs over and over again, posted on the net....and
>done many unmentionable things but to no avail.
>
>The closest i have come to getting some sane output is
>with the following GS options
>
>gs -sDEVICE=stcolor -r360x360 -dnoWeave -descp_Band=1
>-sOutputFile=\|lpr fileName.ps
>and
>
>gs -sDEVICE=stcolor -sModel=st800 -sOutputFile=\|lpr fileName.ps
>
>they both give me ouptut that is elongated in length and the verticals
>lines are mis-aligned.
>
>Is anybody out there who has successfuly printed with
>EPSON Stylus COLOR IIs (TRIGEM) printer using black ink-carterege
>
>Please Please Please Please Please help me out herex
>cause it is a real bother booting into windows again and again
>just to get printouts.. and i cant buy a new printer just yet.
>
>
>-V0D-
>
>------------------------------------------------------------
>..dont ask whats new? ask whats the best..
>------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
>Before you buy.
- --
My public encryption key is available from www.keyserver.net
=====BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE=====
Version: GnuPG v1.0.0 (GNU/Linux)
Comment: For info see http://www.gnupg.org
iD8DBQE5uCqn8mkEvJSZJO8RAk09AJ9Im7ykeos1DrR2XU9LLglZrIbURACgi8Gu
l+eioUHWpx2jDTMqQE0MVyU=
=m9IA
=====END PGP SIGNATURE=====
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Bill Unruh)
Subject: Re: pap-secrets
Date: 8 Sep 2000 00:51:28 GMT
In <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
The correct format is
unruh * howdydoody
where unruh is my login name, and howdydoody is my password. You do NOT want or need
* login password.
]sent [PAP AuthReq id=0x1 user="mirrorstation" password="$54%#@zzz"]
]rcvd [PAP AuthNak id=0x1 "Authentication failure"]
This means that your username on the remote system is not mirrorstation or your
password
is not $54%#@zzz Those are the only possibilities.
]Here i have no idea where it get my hostname from? And where is my login
]lost? (mirrorstation - my hostname, not login).
YOu probably forgot to put the option
user unruh
as one of the pppd options. If you do not, it assumes that you want to use your
workstation name as the name. And since you have an entry with
mirrorstation * $54%#@zzz
in pap-secrets, it uses that.
(why do you have that entry?)
]sent [LCP ConfRej id=0xd1 <auth pap>]
You reject pap
]sent [LCP ConfRej id=0xd2 <auth chap MD5>]
You reject chap
you are toast.
Make sure that you use the the
user yourusername
which is to point to the correct line in pap or chap secrets.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Bill Unruh)
Crossposted-To: alt.os.linux
Subject: Re: Where is setenv in Red Hat 6.2?
Date: 8 Sep 2000 00:52:59 GMT
In <8p95jt$prb$[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Fausto Arinos de A. Barbuto <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
writes:
]I have Red Hat 6.2 installed on my home computer.
]A couple of days ago I tried to run the "setenv"
]command and, for my surprise, I got a warning
]message saying that there was no such command.
]Besides that, there is no entry for "setenv" in
]the "man" manuals. However, as I recall, I did
]make use of "setenv" in the past with a different
]Linux distribuition.
]What the heck is going on?
setenv is an internal command of the csh or tcsh shells. It is not used by bash or sh.
You are probably using bash now and used to use csh.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Bill Unruh)
Subject: Re: pppd wants remote sysyem to authenticate
Date: 8 Sep 2000 00:54:22 GMT
In <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Greg Martin) writes:
>I'm just installing Red Hat. When I connect to my ISP I get as far as
>the stream of babble from their ppp but then disconnect. pppd log
>says:
>The remote system is required to autenticate itself but I couldn't
>find any secret (password) which would let it use an IP address.
Put
noauth
into /etc/ppp/options
put
route del default
into /etc/rc.d/rc.local (at the end)
------------------------------
From: "CatfishFred" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: alt.uu.comp.os.linux.questions,comp.linux.setup,comp.os.linux.x
Subject: Re: Lilo removal from mbr
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2000 20:05:22 -0500
Needing to do the same thing, I tried dos fdisk and re-formatting. Never
could get it to work. After 3 days of trying I finally Low Level Formatted
the drive with Award's bios prog. Only way I could get to work..
"Dave T" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:8p8sht$r96$[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> Get an MS-DOS disk with the fdisk command on it.
>
> The type fdisk /mbr
>
> That should remove the Master Boot Record.
>
> --
>
>
> |---------------------------------------------------|
> | Anti-Spam - Please reply to address below |
> | Email Address : [EMAIL PROTECTED] |
> |---------------------------------------------------|
>
> "oneal" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
> news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> > I want to take out the 2nd hard drive which contains Linux and move it
> > to another computer. How do I get rid of LILO in the mbr? Should I
> > reformat my linux os since I'm going to another system? Should I do this
> > before I take it out of my first system?
> > Oneal
>
>
------------------------------
From: "d3v" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To:
alt.comp.hardware,comp.hardware,comp.os.linux.hardware,comp.os.linux.questions
Subject: My project.
Date: Fri, 08 Sep 2000 01:14:43 GMT
Hi all,
I recently decided to get into writing Device drivers for Linux I found
a very old 8-bit midi or game card that I'd like to write a driver for I
think the learning experience would be great. The problem is it's a no name
card the chip is a Tamarack (TD3088A3) anyone know anything about this chip
or maybe a good place to start my search. If I'm posting off topic please
accept my apologies.And sorry for the cross-post I'm lazy :)
Thanks,
Kevin
------------------------------
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.help
From: "Andrew N. McGuire " <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Help on mathematical functions
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2000 20:34:56 -0500
On Wed, 6 Sep 2000, fred smith quoth:
~~ Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2000 10:30:27 GMT
~~ From: fred smith <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
~~ Newsgroups: comp.os.linux.help, comp.os.linux.misc
~~ Subject: Re: Help on mathematical functions
~~
~~ In comp.os.linux.help Andrew N. McGuire <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
~~ : On Tue, 5 Sep 2000, [EMAIL PROTECTED] quoth:
~~ : ~~ I am new to linux. I am using Redhat 6.2. I am trying to compile a
~~ : ~~ program using mathematical functions (sine, cosine, sqrt, etc.). But the
~~ : ~~ program is not finding them. The exact error is: undefined refernce to
~~ : ~~ 'sin'. I have included the header file math.h. I think I may have to
~~ : ~~ include the path of the header files and libraries during compile time.
~~ : ~~ I know the gcc options to include header files and libraries during
~~ : ~~ compile time. But which header files and libraries should I include?
~~
~~ : my guess is that you are not linking with the math lib.
[ snip code ]
~~ : compiles with:
~~
~~ : gcc -o sqrt -lm test.c
~~
~~ The correct answer would be:
~~
~~ gcc -o sqrt test.c -lm
~~
~~ Libraries should be AT THE END of the line!
I am not a gcc wizard, but I know enough to get around.
Why should they go at the end of the line? Both the manual
and the help state:
gcc [options] file
and my way does work, so I am curious why put the -l options at
the end of the command. I know that manual says that it parses
the linker options in command line order, but that is irrelevant as
far as I can tell.
Best Wishes,
anm
--
Andrew N. McGuire
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
perl -le'print map?"(.*)"?&&($_=$1)&&s](\w+)]\u$1]g&&$_=>`perldoc -qj`'
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: ppp, direct lan connection, and squid
Date: Fri, 08 Sep 2000 01:31:54 GMT
I have a machine (RH 6.2) connected to the web via a lan (to the
school router) and ppp (to a commercial ISP). I also have SQUID running
on the machine. our machine is acting as a gateway for our department.
right now the default gateway of the machine ( as seen in the routing
table) is ppp with certain requests being redirected to the lan gateway.
the problem is that I want the incoming and outgiong emails as well as
the web packets requested through SQUID going to the ppp. The other web
packets not requested through SQUID going to the LAN (school router)
gateway.
Is there a way of doing the above with out using separate computers for
the ppp and the lan?
thanks in advance.
jojo
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Steve)
Subject: Re: Apache/ipchains problem...
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 8 Sep 2000 02:26:14 +0100
On Thu, 7 Sep 2000 16:52:35 -0400, Joshua D Rusch wrote:
>We are using ipchains to forward public.ip:80 requests to private.ip:9000
>requests. This works most of the time, but on some occasions, the apache
>running on private.ip:9000 sends a hardcoded "301 the object has moved" to
>public.ip:9000 (where there is no server listening). It seems to be an
>apache problem, but we're not sure.
>Anyone have any ideas, or a better place to look for help.
What does it say in apache's error_log, I usually find the messages
that it gives in there tell me exactly what's going wrong.
And from httpd.conf
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, in addition to the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
#Listen 3000
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
I'd suggest that in your case you should have Listen 9000 here in your
httpd.conf file, after making this change you'll have to restart
httpd.
Hope some of that helps.
--
Cheers
Steve email mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
%HAV-A-NICEDAY Error not enough coffee 0 pps.
web http://www.zeropps.uklinux.net/
or http://start.at/zero-pps
1:46am up 17 days, 5:59, 3 users, load average: 1.52, 1.62, 1.35
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Steve)
Subject: Re: How do you change the timezone on Linux?
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 8 Sep 2000 02:26:21 +0100
On Thu, 7 Sep 2000 20:29:48 +0100, Dave T wrote:
>I have a problem with the time and emails on my Linux server.
>
>The time and date seem to be OK and the timezone is set to GMT.
>
>However emails are being delivered with the current time +1hr. I thought it
>might be something to do with British Summer Time. In the email headers it
>has the correct time and date but has also +0100 e.g
BST is GMT +01 hours and 00 minutes, if it's not broken then don't try to fix
it. You look at the email from someone sending from a yahoo address, then it
gets confusing, this guy lives 5 minutes down the road from me, his clock is
set correctly but look what the header says:
At the top of the header:
>From [EMAIL PROTECTED] Tue Aug 29 23:00:53 2000
Then a bit fruther down:
Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2000 14:28:12 -0700 (PDT)
From: Denis <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Are you on line at the moment?
To: Steve <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
I wanted to know if he was on line, and only received a reply the following
evening, their mail server is in the states somewhere looking at the header
just confused me.
--
Cheers
Steve email mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
%HAV-A-NICEDAY Error not enough coffee 0 pps.
web http://www.zeropps.uklinux.net/
or http://start.at/zero-pps
1:46am up 17 days, 5:59, 3 users, load average: 1.52, 1.62, 1.35
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Steve)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.questions
Subject: Re: XWindow -- RESET ????
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 8 Sep 2000 02:50:36 +0100
On Thu, 07 Sep 2000 09:58:58 -0500, paul simdars wrote:
>I do have another little problem with X.
Hi Paul
Try going out of X with Alt+Ctrl+BackSpace, then
do:
$ ps -e |less
this will give you a full list of processes in "less", the text
viewer, (up and down arrows to navigate, q to quit back go command
line), have a look at the process list and if X is still there do:
$ kill 1242 ## assuming 1242 is the process id of X
if that doesn't work, then
$ kill -9 1242 ## assuming again that 1242 is the X process.
logout, log back in (this doesn't mean turn off the machine), do
$ logout
then login and startx (hope you're not logging in as root).
Hope some of this helps.
--
Cheers
Steve email mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
%HAV-A-NICEDAY Error not enough coffee 0 pps.
web http://www.zeropps.uklinux.net/
or http://start.at/zero-pps
2:27am up 17 days, 6:40, 3 users, load average: 1.02, 1.02, 1.02
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Steve)
Subject: Re: upgrade RPM
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 8 Sep 2000 02:26:06 +0100
On Thu, 07 Sep 2000 17:17:26 -0400, G Miller wrote:
>I'm running RH 6.0. I would like to install RPM vers 4.0. I currently
>have RPM 3.0 installed. If I try
>
>> rpm -Uvh rpm-4.0......rpm
>
>I get an error message that vers 3.0 won't accept a major number > 3.0.
>
>How do I upgrade the RPM package?
try rpm --freshen rpm-4.0......rpm
Hope that helps.
--
Cheers
Steve email mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
%HAV-A-NICEDAY Error not enough coffee 0 pps.
web http://www.zeropps.uklinux.net/
or http://start.at/zero-pps
1:46am up 17 days, 5:59, 3 users, load average: 1.52, 1.62, 1.35
------------------------------
From: "TechnoJoe" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: The Government's Decision to Use Microsoft
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2000 21:04:06 -0500
A recent OSOpinion article perked my interest about the Navy's recent
decision to use the Microsoft Windows operating system in its next
generation aircraft carrier
(http://www.fcw.com/fcw/articles/2000/0807/news-navy-08-07-00.asp). Two
years earlier, a divide by zero error on a Microsoft Windows NT machine left
the USS Yorktown dead in the water for over two hours
(http://www.gcn.com/archives/gcn/1998/july13/cov2.htm). The sequence of
these events forces one to ask the question: why would the government choose
the Microsoft Windows operating system despite the known defects and
problems? The answer is really quite simple - they do not have a choice in
the matter.
The Department of Defense has a little known rule that all computer products
(hardware and software) containing classified or unclassified sensitive
information must be evaluated and rated. The National Computer Security
Center (NCSC), a branch of the NSA, is responsible for evaluating and rating
commercial security products. These products fall into one of four
divisions: D - Minimal Security, C - Discretionary Protection, B - Mandatory
Protection, and A - Verified Protection. Divisions C, B, and A are divided
into classes: C1 - Discretionary Security Protection (no longer in use),
C2 - Controlled Access Protection, B1 - Labeled Security Protection, B2 -
Structured Protection, B3 - Security Domains, and A1 - Verified Design (see
Orange Book, http://www.radium.ncsc.mil/tpep/library/rainbow/index.html).
The ratings, in order from least secure to most secure, are D, C1, C2, B1,
B2, B3, and A1.
To make the rating system a little clearer, I'll draw an analogy. Microsoft
DOS with the equivalent security of a Speedo - not very secure - would have
a D rating. Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME with the equivalent security of a
wooden barrel - stops rotten vegetables thrown by novice users but not
bullets from professional hackers/crackers - would have a C1 rating.
Microsoft Windows NT/2000 with the equivalent security of a bulletproof
vest - able to stop professional hackers/crackers - has a C2 rating.
Microsoft was very cunning in obtaining this rating. Microsoft Windows NT
4.0 is the only general-purpose operating system rated by the NCSC
(http://www.radium.ncsc.mil/tpep/epl/historical.html). Other operating
systems are rated, but those operating systems are designed for specific
machines like mainframes and supercomputers, not general-purpose personal
computers. Since all computer products containing classified or
unclassified sensitive information must be rated for the government to use
them, Microsoft Windows is the only general-purpose operating system the
government can use. Hence, Microsoft has a monopoly on all general-purpose
operating systems sold to the government.
If you really want to break Microsoft's monopoly, you need to get
alternative operating systems, like Linux, rated by the NCSC. Many
companies, like Red Hat, do not want to invest the time or money to have
their products evaluated and rated, but I believe that the potential for
government contracts (and the knowledge that our nuclear secrets are a
little bit safer) is well worth the investment. In addition, Microsoft will
no longer be able to beat the Linux crowd over the head with the "No
Security Rating" argument
(http://www.microsoft.com/NTServer/nts/news/msnw/LinuxMyths.asp).
I believe Linux is capable of much more than just meeting the C2 rating
Microsoft Windows NT holds. Since Linux can do everything that Microsoft
Windows NT can do (and then some), one can reasonably assume that Linux can
achieve a minimum C2 rating. In order to meet the B1 requirements, the
operating system must be able to append security information to objects
after they leave the system. Microsoft Windows NT could not achieve this
rating because they supported only the FAT file system for floppy disks,
which cannot track security information. Linux supports the EXT2 file
system for floppy disks, and the kernel can be compiled to remove support
for the less secure FAT, forcing users to use a file system that contains
security information, hence mandatory protection. However, requirements for
B3 and A1 require that the operating systems be stripped of all components
not vital to system security
(http://www.radium.ncsc.mil/tpep/epl/epl-by-class.html). While this is
theoretically possible given the Open Source nature of Linux, stripping away
all non-security components would change the nature of Linux, and the
stripped down version of Linux would no longer be a general-purpose
operating system. I believe Linux is capable of at least a B1 or perhaps a
B2 rating.
I believe companies of alternative operating systems should buckle down and
have their products rated by the NCSC to better compete with Microsoft and
make us feel proud (and more secure) in using alternative operating systems,
like Linux. Please email companies of alternative operating systems, like
Red Hat, and tell them to get their products rated by the National Computer
Security Center.
That's my two-cents worth. For more information on Commercial Product
Evaluations, check out the website of the NCSC at
http://www.radium.ncsc.mil/tpep/.
TechnoJoe
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