Linux-Misc Digest #968, Volume #26 Tue, 30 Jan 01 05:13:01 EST
Contents:
Re: Cloning Linux Drives ("japhilp")
Legal GIF File Creation Under Linux ("OpenMind")
Re: X logon question (Eric)
Re: PCI bus access (Eric)
Re: copying /dev/* files (Eric)
Re: partitions mirroring (Michael Heiming)
PPP dial spontaneously in middle of night? (John Broadhead)
Re: Utility for finding absolute path of file? (Eric)
Re: YALE (yet another LILO error...) (Eric)
Re: Legal GIF File Creation Under Linux (Paul Colquhoun)
Re: is there any good browser out there?? (fred smith)
Re: how to unzip a .zip file (Villy Kruse)
Re: copying /dev/* files (Juergen Pfann)
"Login incorrect", not asked for password (Robin Hinde)
Re: x won't start ("Jan Vandesompele")
Re: smbfs entries in fstab? (Heiko Pawelczyk)
Re: System.map - kernel compilation (Christopher Albert)
Re: software for kernel 2.4
Re: Cloning Linux Drives ("Peter T. Breuer")
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: "japhilp" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Cloning Linux Drives
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 06:39:04 GMT
Alternately:
If all the target drives are the same, you can just dd the whole thing disk
to disk
For those that are dissimilar,
Prepare a build of the system to be cloned . Multiple partitins et all.
Boot off some other media, a floppy based system perhaps.
Make gz-ed files of each partition on your built system.
use fdisk to prepare similar partitions that can hold the data.
mount each partition and unzip the gz-ed file for each partition.
finally, mount the new hdd's booting partiton and
run lilo.
you have to specify to lilo 2 things :
the location of the special config file to use, and the root of the new
system. ( the root is where lilo dumps it's booting info. in my case it is
/boot, and not / )
I did this, but instead of using a boot disk, i booted the redhat cd,
mounted the partition and lilo-ed it.
hth
"OpenMind" <**Mail Free America**> wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> Naturally, my 1000 page Linux book does not appear to mention a solution
> anywhere in the index. :-)
>
> I'm bringing up a number of identical systems... the only difference MIGHT
> be size of the hard drive.
>
> I'm assuming that if I configure Linux on one machine, and create clones
of
> that drive to install in the other machines, Linux is smart enough to boot
> up and bring the hardware states into line.
>
> So, are there any strategies for creating clone drives under Linux? The
> most useful would allow one to use a dissimilar drive for the target
> (assuming sufficient space).
>
> Thanks
>
>
>
>
> -----= Posted via Newsfeeds.Com, Uncensored Usenet News =-----
> http://www.newsfeeds.com - The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World!
> -----== Over 80,000 Newsgroups - 16 Different Servers! =-----
------------------------------
From: "OpenMind" <**Mail Free America**>
Subject: Legal GIF File Creation Under Linux
Date: Mon, 29 Jan 2001 22:55:16 -0800
I'd like to convert bitmap files to GIFs, especially animated GIFs, under
Linux/Unix.
Ideally, it should be controllable entirely from the command line. Barring
that, the process should be invocable from a script.
Equally important, I would like the files created to be LEGAL for web
publication under the UniSys LZW licensing requirements. This means that
any application or utility which creates then must have a UniSys license.
Any suggestions?
Thanks
====== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com, Uncensored Usenet News ======
http://www.newsfeeds.com - The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World!
======= Over 80,000 Newsgroups = 16 Different Servers! ======
------------------------------
From: Eric <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: X logon question
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 08:43:05 +0100
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Can someone give me an overview of what all is going on here to do this
> graphical login? Can I do it from my linux box?
>
Try the following command from your linux box:
X -query UNIX_HOSTNAME :0 &
Eric
------------------------------
From: Eric <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To:
comp.os.linux.development.system,comp.os.linux.development.apps,comp.os.linux.hardware
Subject: Re: PCI bus access
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 08:52:09 +0100
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
bjrosen wrote:
>
> Is there anyway to do this without a driver? I'm trying to do the same
> thing for a hardware development diagnostic and I haven't been able to
> figure out which #includes and #defines are required to make ioremap
> work. I'm looking for the simplest way to get at PCI memory space.
Drivers aren't all that difficult in linux.
There are good howto's and tutorials on this subject.
If you do a search on google, some good documents will turn up.
(I don't recall the name of the document, but get the tutorial by Ori
Pomerantz)
Eric
------------------------------
From: Eric <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: copying /dev/* files
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 08:55:13 +0100
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> Patrick Machado <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> : The problem arises when I atempt to copy the files located in /dev.
> : Does anybody know how to copy this special files to another dir?
>
> You can not copy "/dev/files". They are not files.
yes you can and yes they are.
They are special files though.
/home/moorse>sudo cp -a /dev/sda1 .
/home/moorse>ls -al ./sda1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 May 5 1998 ./sda1
Eric
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 08:37:58 +0100
From: Michael Heiming <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: partitions mirroring
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Hi,
>
> May be you are right, Raid is probably what I am looking for.
>
> I supposed RAID refer to mirroring (or striping) full disks nor just
> some small partitions from one disk to another disk having completely
> different geometry.
>
> I do not have crashes. So long so good. But I had already a couple
> heart crushes (using other OSs) because of hard disk failures. Most of
> the trouble I had was around disks or blowers.
>
> I am trying to prevent lots of work (I am still learning) reinstalling
> a full Linux system. My idea is: in case one of the disks fail I will
> swap the IDE cables and the other will take over.
>
> If the small disk fails I will have everything in the other. If the
> large disk fails I will just replace it, reset the data partition
> restoring using a backup and resetting the OS partition mirrors.
>
> As soon as I can I will buy another large disk and mirror everything.
> I have the small disk since long ago.
>
> If we have mirror of data and OS it is the best.
>
> If we have backup of just the OS, it will take some time to restore
> data, if some data loss is acceptable.
>
> If we have mirror of data we may not loose anything but it will tale
> long time to reset the OS even from tape (I think).
>
> That is the reason why I am trying to make a mirror of the OS. Linux,
> for me, is and will be for long, I am sure, voodoo. But I don't give
> up.
>
> Henrique Martins
>
> >
> >Hello,
> >
> >sounds like sofware RAID you are looking for, there are some HowTo
> >available.
> >
> >You can set max. mount-count between e2fsck with tune2fs, but why does it
> >fsck so much? Are you booting so much, or
> >is your system crashing, then there is something wrong, as I have only
> >seen Linux crash due to hw failure?
> >
> >Good luck
> >
> >Michael Heiming
> >
Hello,
if you can't use RAID, you should lookup rsync, it's available somewhere on
www.samba.org, search freashmeat,
you should run it from cron, there could be a problem as your hdx7 is in your
fstab, but isn't on the second hd, but
the system should boot with some error messages, try it out...
This way you could boot from the "mirrored" hd, you're right that mirroring
the swap partition doesn't make any sense,
as it gets reinitialized in case of booting...
Good luck
Michael Heiming
------------------------------
From: John Broadhead <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.networking,linux.redhat.ppp
Subject: PPP dial spontaneously in middle of night?
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 00:59:20 -0700
The other night I was reading in the other room and suddenly I heard my
Redhat 7.0 box dial. (I have "demand" in the ppp options file). No one
was logged into the computer, and none of the computers for which the
Linux box runs IP Masqerading were turned on. In other words, no
programs any person wsa suing could have caused it to dial. I ran over
to run netstat, and there was a single https connection to an IP that
resolved to some long redhat.com name. What program made this
connection?
I thought it might be rhnsd, but I can't remember why I thought that. I
turned it off with ntsysv and stopped it. Since then I haven't heard the
computer spontaneously dial again, but I'd like to know why the computer
was making https connections to redhat. Also, what is rhnsd?
-John
------------------------------
From: Eric <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Utility for finding absolute path of file?
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 09:04:50 +0100
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Matt Ng wrote:
>
> > Not true! Look at the other branch of this thread in which the OP and I
> > go back and forth with shell scripts to do what the OP wants: given a
> > partially qualified filename, generate the filename with the full path.
> > This is NOT what locate does if there are several files with the same
> > basename (e.g., Makefile or README).
>
> Maybe I should mention that I'm no programmer and just a quasi-newbie to
> Linux so I can't follow the scripts that have been posted. I'm also
> unclear on the question then. Is it to find the absolute path of a file
> within a directory, i.e. /home/blah, as opposed to just finding a file
> anywhere on the system?
Files in *NIX are always under the root partition.
You cannot (like in windows) have a separate C: and D: drive
If you mount a disc it becomes a part of the root tree.
So all files have an absolute path, eg. /home/user/.bashrc
The can be referenced as /usr/src/../../home/udr/.bashrc
(also absolute, but not what you want most likely)
Or if you're in /home/user as ./.bashrc (a relative path)
So an absolute path is given when referenced by /*
A relative path starts with anything but /
Tools like ls give a relative path, but you can combine
it with the output of pwd, to find the absolute path of a file.
Eric
------------------------------
From: Eric <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: YALE (yet another LILO error...)
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 09:09:41 +0100
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Eric Sandeen wrote:
> If I turned off the cd-rom boot in the scsi adapter, the floppy saw hda
> at 0x80 and sda at 0x81.
>
> However, trying to boot from sda at 0x81 didn't work...
>
> What finally did work was:
>
> disk=/dev/sda
> bios=0x80
>
> -and-
>
> lba32
>
> in the global section.
>
> And, this worked whether or not the cd-boot was enabled.
>
> Strange that the utility disk, when it saw the scsi drive, saw it at
> 0x81, but I had to tell LILO to look at 0x80 for it to work.
>
Not so strange.
There are so many possible different BIOS setups, that LILO cannot
deal with everything automaticaly. You can tell LILO though how the BIOS
sees the disc. This is what you do with the disk= command.
LILO and the BIOS must agree, and LILO always assumes that IDE drives
come first.
If that's not the case, you must tell LILO explicitly.
Eric
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Paul Colquhoun)
Subject: Re: Legal GIF File Creation Under Linux
Reply-To: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 08:17:44 GMT
On Mon, 29 Jan 2001 22:55:16 -0800, OpenMind <**MailFreeAmerica**> wrote:
|I'd like to convert bitmap files to GIFs, especially animated GIFs, under
|Linux/Unix.
|
|Ideally, it should be controllable entirely from the command line. Barring
|that, the process should be invocable from a script.
|
|Equally important, I would like the files created to be LEGAL for web
|publication under the UniSys LZW licensing requirements. This means that
|any application or utility which creates then must have a UniSys license.
|
|Any suggestions?
Use PNG format instead. No legal complications, no fees.
--
Reverend Paul Colquhoun, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Universal Life Church http://andor.dropbear.id.au/~paulcol
-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-
xenaphobia: The fear of being beaten to a pulp by
a leather-clad, New Zealand woman.
------------------------------
From: fred smith <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: is there any good browser out there??
Date: Mon, 29 Jan 2001 23:50:09 GMT
nybblex <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
: Hi,
: It seems that there is no good browser for linux... Netscape crashes all the
: time, Mozzila is tooooo heavy, kfm is toooo light and I can't find any good....
: ...any idea??
I'm finding the current beta of Opera-4 for Linux to be trending toward
usability. In fact I find that beta-5 IS usable for most of the things
I do. There are still missing features, of course, but it's been coming
along nicely in recent months.
Fred
--
---- Fred Smith -- [EMAIL PROTECTED] ----------------------------
"Not everyone who says to me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom of
heaven, but only he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven."
============================== Matthew 7:21 (niv) =============================
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Villy Kruse)
Subject: Re: how to unzip a .zip file
Date: 30 Jan 2001 08:34:12 GMT
On Mon, 29 Jan 2001 15:05:34 -0600, Herb Stein <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>zip and unzip are part of the RedHat distro.
>
Which linux distribution does NOT include zip and unzip, and unarj for
that matter?
Villy
------------------------------
From: Juergen Pfann <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: copying /dev/* files
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 09:37:09 +0100
Eric wrote:
>
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> >
> > Patrick Machado <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > : The problem arises when I atempt to copy the files located in /dev.
> > : Does anybody know how to copy this special files to another dir?
> >
> > You can not copy "/dev/files". They are not files.
>
> yes you can and yes they are.
> They are special files though.
>
> /home/moorse>sudo cp -a /dev/sda1 .
> /home/moorse>ls -al ./sda1
> brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 May 5 1998 ./sda1
>
Correct - but you should stress the importance of the "-a"
option, which is a shortcut for "-dpR" (man cp). Without this
option, the poor user would destroy his home directory and
hence the fs it is on with the contents of the first SCSI
disk !!!
So - be careful when dealing with devices, please...
Juergen
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Robin Hinde)
Subject: "Login incorrect", not asked for password
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 09:06:08 GMT
(originally posted to nz.comp)
Slight problem with logging into my desktop.
SuSE6.3, installed about 18 months ago.
I'd noticed that for the past few days I haven't been able to log into
a full screen console or run some Xwindow commands as su ("unable to
connect to server") although everything run as the current normal user
is (was) fine.
System had been up for 40+ days, with no major changes in that time.
So (duh!) I logged completely out, and now cannot log in at all.
The login prompt asks for the login name, then *immediately* returns
login incorrect without asking for a password. Even a nonexistent name
should return a request for a password.
/etc/passwd and etc/shadow look OK, pwck doesn't show any errors
I can access all the relevant partitions by booting single.
Anybody here have a similar experience, pointers or solution? What am
I looking for?
------------------------------
From: "Jan Vandesompele" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: x won't start
Date: Mon, 29 Jan 2001 10:26:31 +0100
I had the same problem. The problem is the default font I think. I solved
this by removing the default font entry in my X86config file (can be found
under /etc/X11 in my distro).
I hope this helps you out.
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:954tsf$nrg$[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> I was messing around with some alpha software and it appears to have
> had an effect on my ability to start up x. I am running red hat 6.1.
> The error message looks somewhat like this:
>
> The XKEYBOARD keymap compiler (xlbcomp) reports: Errors:
> bad length in Geometry
> Output File "/var/tmp/server-0.xkm Removed
> Errors from xkbcomp are not Fatal to the x server
> Couldn't load xkb keymap, Falling back to pre - XKB deymap
> - FontTransSocketUNIXconnect: can't connect: errorno: 111
> Failed to set default font path 'unix/:-1'
> Fatal server error:
> could not open default font fixed.
>
> Part of me is suspicious that the software over ran the /tmp file, but
> rebooting does not fix the problem and I thought that would flush /tmp.
> Any ideas or suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thank you.
>
>
> Sent via Deja.com
> http://www.deja.com/
------------------------------
From: Heiko Pawelczyk <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: smbfs entries in fstab?
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 11:37:42 +0100
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> =
> My smbfs entries do not seem to work in fstab.
> =
> Does any body have any information about this?
> =
> --
> MM
> =
> Sent via Deja.com
> http://www.deja.com/
//machienename/sharename /local/path smbfs
noauto,username=3Dxxxx,password=3Dxxxxxx,uid=3Duser,gid=3Dgroup 0 0
works for me
Linux needs uid and gid to define your rights and password and username
are for the NT Domain.
noauto means, that you have to mount and unmount manually as root.
It leads to some trouble when the share is diconnected by the Windows
side. /etc/mtab doesn=B4t get updated properly! =
-- =
=====================
TUHH-Technologie GmbH
EDV
Heiko Pawelczyk
Tel.: +49 40/766 180-42
Fax: +49 40/766 180-48
e-Mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
www: www.tutech.de
------------------------------
From: Christopher Albert <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: System.map - kernel compilation
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 10:45:17 +0100
"Peter T. Breuer" wrote:
> Johan Kullstam <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> [about System.map]
> > isn't it useful to find symbols from a kernel you are not running?
>
> Sometimes. I generally reboot some poor target machine with the culprit
> kernel, however, and subject it to horrible tortures until it gives in
> and admits what it did wrong.
>
> > e.g., a couple of weeks ago i got a panic shortly after boot. i
> > didn't want to run the obviously broken kernel since it couldn't write
> > files so i booted into one that worked and ran ksymoops with the
>
> Well, it's got to be able to do something, otherwise you can't get much
> sense out of it at all. But yes, in that case, with a broken boot
> sequence, you'd need to do some hard work to figure what's wrong,
> and a symbol table in a file somewhere else would be of help in
> deciphering the oops.
>
> > system.map from the broken kernel and not the running kernel.
> > /proc/ksyms is the current running kernel.
>
> Peter
Peter,
Even though System.map is not necessary to boot, I wonder if if is prudent
to omit
copying the System.map of a new kernel to /boot. For one, most of the
guides to recompiling
the kenel found at the LDP suggest this, and most major distributions do
this as well (for example,
RH, Debian, Suse, Mandrake) . In addition, I thought that certain scripts
and system utilities look
for a System.map of the running kernel in /boot, such as klogd, top, and
lsof.
In your opinion, should one adopt this standard practice or not ?
Chris
------------------------------
From: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: software for kernel 2.4
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 09:59:20 GMT
Thanx,
yes, i gave up to quickly. The urls are in the changes file.
My fault, c
____________________
\ [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Christian Verbeek \ http://ais.gmd.de/~verbeek
Bergstrasse 18a \ phone: +49 2241 142404 =20
53757 Sankt Augustin \ +49 2241 333041 =20
Germany \___________________________
Urspr=FCngliche Nachricht vom 30.01.01, 01:37:17
Autor: "jujubeesRULE" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Thema: Re: software for kernel 2.4
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wro=
te: > Dear newsgroup, > > where do i=20
get > > e2fsprogs 1.19 pcmcia-cs 3.1.21 PPP 2.4.0 isdn4k-utils 3.1beta7 =
>=20
http://sourceforge.net/projects/e2fsprogs/ ftp://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.n=
et/pub/pcmcia-cs/ f
tp://linuxcare.com.au/pub/ppp/ f
tp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/ Just curious, did you read =
the entire Changes file? All of the=20
above urls are listed towards the bottom of it. Maybe you gave up too qu=
ick? HTH... > the rest mentioned in=20
the changes file of the 2.4 kernel was easy to > find > (util-linux and =
modutils), but this stuff... > >=20
thanx in advance, c. > > ____________________ > \ christian.verbeek@epos=
t.de > Christian Verbeek \=20
http://ais.gmd.de/~verbeek Bergstrasse 18a > \ phone: +49 2241 142404 > =
53757 Sankt Augustin \ +49 2241=20
333041 > Germany \___________________________=20
------------------------------
From: "Peter T. Breuer" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Cloning Linux Drives
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2001 10:04:44 GMT
MH <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> no name wrote:
>> Naturally, my 1000 page Linux book does not appear to mention a solution
>> anywhere in the index. :-)
man dd. man cp. man rsync.
> cp /dev/hda dev/hdb
Also.
Peter
------------------------------
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