When collapse_file encounters dirty or writeback pages in file-backed
mappings, it currently returns SCAN_FAIL which maps to -EINVAL. This is
misleading as EINVAL suggests invalid arguments, whereas dirty/writeback
pages represent transient conditions that may resolve on retry.

Introduce SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK to cover both dirty and writeback
states, mapping it to -EAGAIN. For MADV_COLLAPSE, this provides userspace
with a clear signal that retry may succeed after writeback completes.
For khugepaged, this is harmless as it will naturally revisit the range
during periodic scans after async writeback completes.

Reported-by: Branden Moore <[email protected]>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/[email protected]
Fixes: 34488399fa08 ("mm/madvise: add file and shmem support to MADV_COLLAPSE")
Reviewed-by: Dev Jain <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Lance Yang <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Shivank Garg <[email protected]>
---
 include/trace/events/huge_memory.h | 3 ++-
 mm/khugepaged.c                    | 8 +++++---
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/trace/events/huge_memory.h 
b/include/trace/events/huge_memory.h
index 4cde53b45a85..4e41bff31888 100644
--- a/include/trace/events/huge_memory.h
+++ b/include/trace/events/huge_memory.h
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@
        EM( SCAN_PAGE_HAS_PRIVATE,      "page_has_private")             \
        EM( SCAN_STORE_FAILED,          "store_failed")                 \
        EM( SCAN_COPY_MC,               "copy_poisoned_page")           \
-       EMe(SCAN_PAGE_FILLED,           "page_filled")
+       EM( SCAN_PAGE_FILLED,           "page_filled")                  \
+       EMe(SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK, "page_dirty_or_writeback")
 
 #undef EM
 #undef EMe
diff --git a/mm/khugepaged.c b/mm/khugepaged.c
index 97d1b2824386..219dfa2e523c 100644
--- a/mm/khugepaged.c
+++ b/mm/khugepaged.c
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ enum scan_result {
        SCAN_STORE_FAILED,
        SCAN_COPY_MC,
        SCAN_PAGE_FILLED,
+       SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK,
 };
 
 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
@@ -1967,11 +1968,11 @@ static int collapse_file(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned 
long addr,
                                 */
                                xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
                                filemap_flush(mapping);
-                               result = SCAN_FAIL;
+                               result = SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK;
                                goto xa_unlocked;
                        } else if (folio_test_writeback(folio)) {
                                xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
-                               result = SCAN_FAIL;
+                               result = SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK;
                                goto xa_unlocked;
                        } else if (folio_trylock(folio)) {
                                folio_get(folio);
@@ -2018,7 +2019,7 @@ static int collapse_file(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned 
long addr,
                         * folio is dirty because it hasn't been flushed
                         * since first write.
                         */
-                       result = SCAN_FAIL;
+                       result = SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK;
                        goto out_unlock;
                }
 
@@ -2747,6 +2748,7 @@ static int madvise_collapse_errno(enum scan_result r)
        case SCAN_PAGE_LRU:
        case SCAN_DEL_PAGE_LRU:
        case SCAN_PAGE_FILLED:
+       case SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK:
                return -EAGAIN;
        /*
         * Other: Trying again likely not to succeed / error intrinsic to
-- 
2.43.0


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