E tambem bom avaliar Principia Mathematica Um obra tao monstruosa, da qual hoje esta sobrando muito pouca coisa
Duas coisas importantes para esclarecer a originem de PM. E uma obra do Whitehead e Russell. Poucos pessoas dentre dos logicos e filosofos analiticos falam do Whitehead mas e bom lembrar que PM é realemente uma obra conjunta de dois pessoas. Antes de se encontrar cada um tinha escrito um livro Whitehead: A treatise on universal algebra, 1898 Russell: Principles of Mathematics, 1903 e cada um tinha intencao de escrever um segundo volume do livro dele. Finalemente deu so um livro: PM quer dizer um livro com tres volumos, a obra nao foi acabada, porque tinha um quarto volume previsto que nunca foi publicado. De uma certa form é um projeto abortado que foi rapidamente ultrapassado. Russell foi muito infleunciado por Peano e Frege com lembro bem o Carlos agora a influencia do Whitehead foi bem outra: é Boole, Sylvester, algebra da logica. Para escalerecer isso é bom ler a corresponancia inedita do Russell e Couturat (1897-1913), que estava escondida na montanha suiça e foi publicada em 2001 por minha colega Anne-François Schmid Se trata de cerca de 800 paginas e é considerada a correspondencia mas significativa do Russell a respeita da logica. Foi publicado nas edicoes Kimé em Paris, o original tudo em frances. E interessante tambem ler a resenha que o Couturat fiz do livro do Whitehead de 1898, na revista de metafisica e de moral. Para os que nao conhecem Couturat, foi ele que fiz conhecer a importancia da obra Leibniz relativamente a logica Aqui um extrato da entrada do Couturat na wikipeida. His first major publication was Couturat (1896). In 1901, he published La Logique de Leibniz, a detailed study of Leibniz<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz> the logician, based on his examination of the huge Leibniz Nachlass<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass> in Hannover<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover>. Even though Leibniz had died in 1716, his Nachlass was cataloged only in 1895. Only then was it possible to determine the extent of Leibniz's unpublished work on logic. In 1903, Couturat published much of that work in another large volume, his Opuscules et Fragments Inedits de Leibniz, containing many of the documents he had examined while writing La Loqique. Couturat was thus the first to appreciate that Leibniz was the greatest logician during the more than 2000 years that separate Aristotle<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle> from George Boole<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Boole> and Augustus De Morgan<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_De_Morgan>. A significant part of the 20th century Leibniz revival is grounded in Couturat's editorial and exegetical efforts. This work on Leibniz attracted Russell, also the author of a 1900 book on Leibniz, and thus began their professional correspondence and friendship. In 1905, Couturat published a work on logic and the foundations of mathematics (with an appendix on Kant's philosophy of mathematics) which was originally conceived as a translation of Russell's Principles of Mathematics. In the same year, he published L'Algèbre de la logique, a classic introduction to the algebraic logic<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_logic> of George Boole<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Boole>, Charles Peirce<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Peirce>, and Ernst Schroder<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Schroder>. In 1907, Couturat helped found the artificial language Ido<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ido>, an offshoot of Esperanto<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto>, and was Ido's principal advocate over the remainder of his life. By advocating an artificial international language, constructed along logical principles and with a vocabulary taken from existing European languages, Couturat was paralleling Peano<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peano>'s advocacy of Interlingua<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_sine_flexione>. By pushing Ido, Couturat walked in Leibniz's footsteps; Leibniz called for the creation a universal symbolic and conceptual language he named the characteristica universalis<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristica_universalis>. Ironically, this confirmed pacifist<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacifism> became one of the very first civilian casualties of World War I<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I>, as he was killed when his car was hit by a car carrying orders for the mobilization of the French Army<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Army>. _______________________________________________ Logica-l mailing list [email protected] http://www.dimap.ufrn.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/logica-l
