Certainly, Ed.  But how many vihuelas do we see nowadays in these
   configurations?  In fact I wonder if there's a single one that isn't
   set up with unisons throughout and a double first?  We're very
   conservative (with a small 'c') when it comes to pushing the envelope.
   I wonder if there was any recognised difference between how lutes and
   vihuelas were strung in a given place at the time.  Nowadays, though,
   we're very blinkered about it all and conform to templates which are in
   some ways questionable.
   I'd love to hear Milan, say, played on an octave strung vihuela, or
   Milano on a unison strung 6c lute.
   Bill
   From: Edward Martin <[email protected]>
   To: William Samson <[email protected]>; "[email protected]"
   <[email protected]>
   Sent: Sunday, 20 November 2011, 18:31
   Subject: [LUTE] Re: Double 1st string on 6 course lutes?
   Thanks for the reference, Bill.  There have been new discoveries
   since the time the article was written, where we now cannot claim
   that vihuelas were string in unison.  Some were, others were
   not.  They may have had the double first course, but there is
   evidence to the contrary that some vihuelas were string in octaves on
   4,5, and 6th courses.
   ed
   At 12:02 PM 11/20/2011, William Samson wrote:
   >    I've found the reference - Segerman and Abbott, FoMRHI Comm number
   30,
   >    July 1976
   >    [1][1]http://www.fomrhi.org/uploads/bulletins/Fomrhi-004.pdf
   >
   >    They say (p37) "Instruments which come to mind that had double
   first
   >    courses and unison basses were
   >    1. Vihuela
   >    2. Robinson (1603) and Dowland (1610) lute.
   >    3. At least some late 16th century Italian lutes. . . . ."
   >
   >    They give references on which they base these statements.
   >
   >    Interesting stuff.  What I find odd is that we've been channelled
   into
   >    a mindset where just about all 6c lutes built nowadays have single
   >    first courses and octaves on 6, 5 and 4.  Lutes with 7 or more
   courses
   >    have unisons on 5, 4, 3, 2 and a single first, and octaves from 6
   >    downwards.  11 and 13 c lutes have single 1st and second courses
   but
   >    12c lutes have double second courses.  All very formulaic and I'm
   as
   >    guilty as anyone of following these 'rules'.  But there's plenty
   of
   >    evidence of more varied configurations in use at the time, and it
   would
   >    be surprising if there wasn't.  It's a pity that these differences
   >    don't show up in modern practice, though I fully understand why -
   >    resale value for example, and maybe an assumption that as these
   seem to
   >    have ended up as the most successful configurations at the time,
   >    there's no need to explore anything else.
   >
   >    Bill
   >
   >    PS Oh yes - and octave stringing works out cheaper too :o)
   >    From: Daniel Winheld <[2][email protected]>
   >    To: William Samson <[3][email protected]>
   >    Cc: "[4][email protected]" <[5][email protected]>
   >    Sent: Sunday, 20 November 2011, 17:05
   >    Subject: [LUTE] Re: Double 1st string on 6 course lutes?
   >    >> " I seem to remember that lutes with a double chanterelle were
   >    usually strung in unisons."
   >    Mimmo Peruffo disputes that assumption:  from his website page
   "The
   >    lute in its historical reality"-
   >    9. Double treble and unison courses: the fact that the vihuela was
   >    generally (but not always) strung with a double treble led some
   >    scholars to take that as evidence in favour of all courses having
   been
   >    strung with unisons. We fail to grasp the logic of it. There is,
   on the
   >    other hand, evidence proving that the vihuela could have a single
   >    treble, whereas most Renaissance lutes where strung with double
   >    trebles.
   >    [2][6]http://www.mimmoperuffo.org/9e.htm
   >    On Nov 19, 2011, at 11:42 PM, William Samson wrote:
   >    >  Again - I've forgotten the source (probably Eph Segerman), but
   I
   >    seem
   >    >  to remember that lutes with a double chanterelle were usually
   strung
   >    in
   >    >  unisons.  I do know that Eph had a 7c lute made like this and
   strung
   >    >  with catlines (his own manufacture - Northern Renaissance
   >    Instruments)
   >    >  in the basses.  It certainly worked very well, but sounded
   'darker'
   >    >  than a lute with octave stringing in the basses.
   >    >  Bill
   >    >  From: wikla <[3][7][email protected]>
   >    >  To: [4][8][email protected]
   >    >  Sent: Saturday, 19 November 2011, 20:51
   >    >  Subject: [LUTE] Re: Double 1st string on 6 course lutes?
   >    >  Thanks to all for the most interesting answers!
   >    >  I actually just ordered a 6 courser, model Venere (the
   original, the
   >    >  model,
   >    >  was a 7 courser, I suppose?) from Lauri Niskanen, the guy who
   made
   >    my
   >    >  new
   >    >  11 courser. And I ordered an option to double chanterelle -
   just one
   >    >  extra
   >    >  peg, just 3 grooves and 3 holes up and down.
   >    >  Any more constructive ideas what to hope and ask?
   >    >  best,
   >    >  Arto
   >    >  To get on or off this list see list information at
   >    >  [1][5][9]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
   >    >
   >    >  --
   >    >
   >    > References
   >    >
   >    >  1.
   [6][10]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
   >    >
   >    --
   >
   >    --
   >
   >References
   >
   >    1. [11]http://www.fomrhi.org/uploads/bulletins/Fomrhi-004.pdf
   >    2. [12]http://www.mimmoperuffo.org/9e.htm
   >    3. mailto:[13][email protected]
   >    4. mailto:[14][email protected]
   >    5. [15]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
   >    6. [16]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
   Edward Martin
   2817 East 2nd Street
   Duluth, Minnesota  55812
   e-mail:  [17][email protected]
   voice:  (218) 728-1202
   [18]http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1660298871&ref=name
   [19]http://www.myspace.com/edslute
   [20]http://magnatune.com/artists/edward_martin

   --

References

   1. http://www.fomrhi.org/uploads/bulletins/Fomrhi-004.pdf
   2. mailto:[email protected]
   3. mailto:[email protected]
   4. mailto:[email protected]
   5. mailto:[email protected]
   6. http://www.mimmoperuffo.org/9e.htm
   7. mailto:[email protected]
   8. mailto:[email protected]
   9. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
  10. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
  11. http://www.fomrhi.org/uploads/bulletins/Fomrhi-004.pdf
  12. http://www.mimmoperuffo.org/9e.htm
  13. mailto:[email protected]
  14. mailto:[email protected]
  15. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
  16. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
  17. mailto:[email protected]
  18. http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1660298871&ref=name
  19. http://www.myspace.com/edslute
  20. http://magnatune.com/artists/edward_martin

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