My kid comes to me with the following problem and says she doesn't know how
to do that "math."

ten years ago A was three times as old as C this year A is 50 years older
than C. how old is A

i go to explain to her that this isn't as much a "math" mystery as it is a
problem of defining terms and applying logic.  The problem asks us to solve
for:

the current age of A

there are two statements, the subject of which are:

1.  the ages of A and C ten years ago
2.  the ages of A and C today

the problem with solving this question is that people who look at it as a
math problem might only see two variables, A and C. there are, however, 4
variables:

A(age 10 years ago) or Asub10
C (age 10 years ago) or Csub10
A(age today) or let's just call this A
C (age today) or let's just call this C

The two statements are saying the following:

Asub10=3*Csub10
A-50=C

however, as we know by definition the relationship between these variables
and can therefore reduce them to two.

A-10=Asub10
C-10=Csub10

so the first statement can be expressed

A-10=3(C-10)

therefore:

A-10=3C-30

therefore:

A=3C-20

and We also know that:

A-50=C

therefore:

A=C+50

Now we have defined A in terms of two statement about C, that A is both:

C+50 and 3C-20

since both of those are the same as A and A is the same as A it follows that

C+50=3C-20

therefore

50=2C-20

therefore

2C=70

So we know that C is 35

based the statement

A-50=C

then

A-50=35

which means

A=85

if we plug it into our other statement, we can check that A=85 if and only
if C=35, so we can be confident that A=85


My kid looks at me like I'm mad and says "ok, so you are sure that A is 85
years old, right".  i explain that it seems to be a logical certainty and
she should see that from the demonstration.  to which she replies "well, ok,
if you are sure, then i'll use that"

I somehow think a boy might have done better with this
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