[Ron quoted Anderson]
> "At each level of complexity entirely new properties
appear.
> Psychology is not applied biology, nor is biology
applied chemistry. > We can now see that the whole
becomes not merely more, but very
> different from the sum of its parts."(Anderson
1972)-wiki
Ron, I wonder if Anderson used the MOQ.
Psychology (intellectual level) is not applied biology
(organic level), nor is biology applied chemistry
(inorganic level). "...whole... different from the
sum of its parts (one with nature)." [parenthesis
mine]
Ron, you mention Topos (which I had a difficult
time understanding, do you have a simpler version
somewhere, and since Kieth was asking about it as
well, I wouldn't mind a review). Ron, now your
mentioning emergence, too. Did you ever hear of
punctuated equilibrium? It rids the misconception
Darwin had about gradual process (how evolution works
itself out over time). I say Darwin's misconception
due to once people actually questioned the fossil
record (namely Gould and Eldridge) and took the fossil
record for face value, then gradual process became a
very, very small frequency of events in evolution.
Most, including Darwin, would just say the fossil
record was incomplete. Darwin wrote a chapter just on
this incomplete fossil record. Gould points out where
gradual process does show up in the fossil record
(thus, proving that the fossil record is NOT
incomplete) it is a very, very small part of what
happened at that time in natural history. For only a
very, very small amount of the fossils where
undergoing a gradual process of evolution. Most of
the fossils seemed to Punctuate a new appearance. A
new appearance that shows no gradual growth from the
previous appearance the species had earlier in time
(in the rock strata). Species, in the fossil record,
undergo a time of equilibrium where no change is
occuring in high frequency for all the individuals in
the species. Then all of a sudden, for the most part
the fossil record is showing this, the species
changes, thus, the punctuation. Stability, static
latching... then change, disorder, something seemingly
chaotic... and then another static latch and stability
is restored so the levels are able to remain intact
without a total collapse into complete chaos.
woods,
SA
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