بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا
(الشمس 7)
فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا
(الشمس 8)
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا
(الشمس 9)
وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا
(الشمس 10)
ونفس وما سواها: وقوله تعالى " ونفس وما سواها" أي خلقها سوية مستقيمة على الفطرة
القويمة كما قال تعالى " فأقم وجهك للدين حنيفا فطرة الله التي فطر الناس عليها لا
تبديل لخلق الله" وقال
رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " كل مولود يولد على الفطرة فأبواه يهودانه أو
ينصرانه أو يمجسانه كما تولد البهيمة بهيمة جمعاء هل تحسون فيها من جدعاء ؟ "
أخرجاه من رواية أبي هريرة
فألهمها فجورها وتقواها:قوله تعالى " فألهمها فجورها وتقواها " أي فأرشدها إلى
فجورها وتقواها أي بين لها وهداها إلى ما قدر لها قال ابن عباس " فألهمها فجورها
وتقواها " بين لها الخير والشر
وكذا قال مجاهد وقتادة والضحاك والثوري
قد أفلح من زكاها :قوله تعالى " قد أفلح من زكاها " يحتمل أن يكون المعنى قد أفلح
من زكى نفسه أي بطاعة الله كما قال قتادة وطهرها من الأخلاق الدنيئة والرذائل
ويروى نحوه عن مجاهد وعكرمة
وسعيد بن جبير وكقوله تعالى " قد أفلح من تزكى وذكر اسم ربه فصلى " .
وقد خاب من دساها :" وقد خاب من دساها " أي دسسها أي أخملها ووضع منها بخذلانه
إياها عن الهدى حتى ركب المعاصي وترك طاعة الله عز وجل وقد يحتمل أن يكون المعنى
قد أفلح من زكى الله نفسه وقد
خاب من دسى الله نفسه كما قال العوفي وعلي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس وقال ابن أبي
حاتم حدثنا أبي حدثنا أبو زرعة قالا حدثنا سهل بن عثمان حدثنا أبو مالك يعني عمرو
بن الحارث عن عمرو بن هشام عن جويبر عن الضحاك عن ابن عباس قال : سمعت رسول الله
صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول
في قول الله عز وجل " قد أفلح من زكاها " قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم " أفلحت
نفس زكاها الله عز وجل
By
Nafs (Adam or a person or a soul), and Him Who perfected him in proportion;
(As-Shams 91:7)
Then He showed him what is wrong for
him and what is right for him. (As-Shams 91:8)
Indeed he succeeds who purifies his ownself (i.e. obeys and performs all that
Allâh ordered, by following the true Faith of Islâmic Monotheism and by doing
righteous
good deeds). (As-Shams 91:9)
And indeed he fails who corrupts his ownself (i.e. disobeys what Allâh has
ordered by rejecting the true Faith of Islâmic Monotheism
or by following polytheism or by doing every kind of evil wicked deeds).
(As-Shams 91:10)
حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو غَسَّانَ الْمِسْمَعِيُّ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى
وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَاللَّفْظُ لِأَبِي غَسَّانَ
وَابْنِ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي
عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ مُطَرِّفِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ عَنْ عِيَاضِ
بْنِ حِمَارٍ الْمُجَاشِعِيِّ
أَنَّ
رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فِي
خُطْبَتِهِ أَلَا إِنَّ رَبِّي أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُعَلِّمَكُمْ مَا جَهِلْتُمْ
مِمَّا عَلَّمَنِي يَوْمِي هَذَا كُلُّ مَالٍ نَحَلْتُهُ عَبْدًا حَلَالٌ وَإِنِّي
خَلَقْتُ عِبَادِي حُنَفَاءَ كُلَّهُمْ وَإِنَّهُمْ أَتَتْهُمْ الشَّيَاطِينُ
فَاجْتَالَتْهُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ وَحَرَّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا أَحْلَلْتُ لَهُمْ
وَأَمَرَتْهُمْ أَنْ يُشْرِكُوا بِي مَا لَمْ أُنْزِلْ بِهِ سُلْطَانًا وَإِنَّ
اللَّهَ نَظَرَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ فَمَقَتَهُمْ عَرَبَهُمْ وَعَجَمَهُمْ
إِلَّا بَقَايَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَقَالَ إِنَّمَا بَعَثْتُكَ
لِأَبْتَلِيَكَ وَأَبْتَلِيَ بِكَ وَأَنْزَلْتُ
عَلَيْكَ كِتَابًا لَا يَغْسِلُهُ الْمَاءُ تَقْرَؤُهُ نَائِمًا وَيَقْظَانَ
وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُحَرِّقَ قُرَيْشًا فَقُلْتُ رَبِّ إِذًا
يَثْلَغُوا رَأْسِي فَيَدَعُوهُ خُبْزَةً قَالَ اسْتَخْرِجْهُمْ كَمَا
اسْتَخْرَجُوكَ وَاغْزُهُمْ نُغْزِكَ وَأَنْفِقْ
فَسَنُنْفِقَ وَابْعَثْ جَيْشًا نَبْعَثْ خَمْسَةً مِثْلَهُ وَقَاتِلْ بِمَنْ
أَطَاعَكَ مَنْ عَصَاكَ قَالَ وَأَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ ثَلَاثَةٌ ذُو سُلْطَانٍ
مُقْسِطٌ مُتَصَدِّقٌ مُوَفَّقٌ وَرَجُلٌ رَحِيمٌ رَقِيقُ الْقَلْبِ لِكُلِّ ذِي
قُرْبَى وَمُسْلِمٍ وَعَفِيفٌ مُتَعَفِّفٌ
ذُو عِيَالٍ قَالَ وَأَهْلُ النَّارِ خَمْسَةٌ الضَّعِيفُ الَّذِي زَبْرَ لَهُ
الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِيكُمْ تَبَعًا لَا يَبْتَغُونَ أَهْلًا وَلَا مَالًا
وَالْخَائِنُ الَّذِي لَا يَخْفَى لَهُ طَمَعٌ وَإِنْ دَقَّ إِلَّا خَانَهُ
وَرَجُلٌ لَا يُصْبِحُ وَلَا يُمْسِي إِلَّا
وَهُوَ يُخَادِعُكَ عَنْ أَهْلِكَ وَمَالِكَ وَذَكَرَ الْبُخْلَ أَوْ الْكَذِبَ
وَالشِّنْظِيرُ الْفَحَّاشُ
صحيح مسلم
'Iyad bin Him-ar reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), while
delivering
a sermon one day, said: Behold, my Lord commanded me that I should teach you
which you do not know and which He has taught me today. (He has instructed
thus): The property which I have conferred upon them is lawful for them. I have
created My servants as one
having a natural inclination to the worship of Allah but it is Satan who turns
them away from the right religion and he makes unlawful what has been declared
lawful for them and he commands them to ascribe partnership with Me, although
he has no justification
for that. And verily, Allah looked towards the people of the world and He
showed hatred for the Arabs and the non-Arabs, but with the exception of some
remnants from the People of the Book. And He (further) said: I have sent you
(the Holy Prophet) in order
to put you to test and put (those to test) through you. And I sent the Book to
you which cannot be washed away by water, so that you may recite it while in
the state of wakefulness or sleep. Verily, Allah commanded me to burn (kill)
the Quraish. I said: My
Lord, they would break my head (like the tearing) of bread, and Allah said:
You turn them out as they turned you out, you fight against them and We shall
help you in this, you should spend and you would be conferred upon. You send an
army and I would send
an army five times greater than that. Fight against those who disobey you
along with those who obey you. The inmates of Paradise are three: One who
wields authority and is just and fair, one who Is truthful and has been endowed
with power to do good deeds.
And the person who is merciful and kind hearted towards his relatives and to
every pious Muslim, and one who does not stretch his hand in spite of having a
large family to support. And He said: The inmates of Hell are five: the weak
who lack power to (avoid
evil), the (carefree) who pursue (everything irrespective of the fact that it
is good or evil) and who do not have any care for their family or for their
wealth. And those dishonest whose greed cannot be concealed even in the case of
minor things. And the
third, who betray you, morning and evening, in regard to your family and your
property. He also made a mention of the miser and the liar and those who are in
the habit of abusing people and using obscene and foul language.
Abu Ghassan in his narration did not make mention of" Spend and there would be
spent for you." (Book
#040, Hadith
#6853)
--
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