The western 74141 and its Russian equivalent (K155ID1) are truly old
fashion TTL parts. If you ever look at an old TTL databook, there are
some common TTL specs:

Input logic-0: 0.8V or less
Input logic-1: 2.0V or higher
Output logic-0 (tied to 10 like inputs): 0.4V maximum
Output logic-1 (same): 2.4V minimum

TTL inputs naturally float high, to a level of ~1.6V. It registers
this as a logic-1, but its prone to noise, hence it they like you to
at least drag it up to 2.0V. The current draw is also asymmetrical. To
pull it high (logic-1), only ~40uA (0.00004A) flows into the input,
but drag it down to a logic-0 (low) and it will draw 1.6mA (0.0016A)
from the input. Roughly 40x more low, than high. This also makes
putting 1K resistors in series with their inputs. 1K*1.6mA translates
to 1.6V, so the output of your uC, low (0V) or high (3.3V), may just
look like a logic-1 to the TTL device (74141). The best thing is to
use two supplies: +5V & +3V, and make sure the +3V turns ON first.
Since your using a large uC, use one of its IO bits to turn on the +5V
supply. Before that supply is turned ON though, make all the outputs
between the uC and the 74141, low.

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