1. Python isn't what I would call a general purpose programming language. It's really a very good shell and general scripting language, which is its true killer application. Python is popular because the syntax is easy-to-learn and flows better than the alternatives, namely bash. The vast majority of programming isn't machine learning, although it appears that way when you read technical media.
2-3. It's a style issue. I'll add examples later. 4. Ada's type annotations are intrinsic and guides the compilation process in a variety of ways.
