The ceiling can be used as a diffuser, and there are diffusers that clip onto 
the flash or fit over the head. The 540 also has a mini bounce card and 
diffuser built in. But I use a Sto-Fen Omni-Bounce most of the time for any 
work where I'm closer than 15 feet or so.
http://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/160596-REG/Sto_Fen_OM_MZ40_OM_MZ40_Omni_Bounce.html

I also use a fong lumisphere on occasion. It provides more diffusion than the 
omni-bounce but also kills more light.

As I mentioned in a previous post, when in daylight, you'll almost always have 
to use high-speed synch to get a good exposure, and you have to take care that 
the camera doesn't revert to 1/180th shutter speed when you turn the flash on.

Paul


On Jul 13, 2011, at 2:50 PM, Christine Nielsen wrote:

> On Wed, Jul 13, 2011 at 1:11 PM, Godfrey DiGiorgi <[email protected]> wrote:
>> On Wednesday, July 13, 2011, Christine Nielsen <[email protected]> wrote:
>>> ... Is 'zactly what I did. (manual exposure/ pttl flash/ -1.5 to -2EV/ hss
>>> was one of my iterations)  Still, I got uneven results.  Now, maybe I
>>> still goofed in setting the flash EV in camera rather than on the
>>> unit... or in any number of other ways...
>> 
>> Usually when that happens in TTL-auto, the reason is that you are too
>> close and/or at too high an ISO setting for the flash to be able to
>> accommodate the desired exposure by throttling down the power. flash
>> units typically have a pretty limited range of auto adjustment to work
>> with at closer distances, which is where a lot of diffuser material
>> can help quite a bit, by cutting the total light output hitting the
>> subject substantially.
>> 
>> Even manual control has limits in this regard ... I never go anywhere
>> with my flash kit without some kind of diffuser materials to spread
>> and cut the light output.
> 
> Distance may have been a factor.  We were in fairly tight quarters,
> huddled in the shade of the lighthouse...
> 
> Bear with me for one more question?  When you say "diffuser", what do
> you mean in this situation?  I use diffusers all the time with
> off-camera flash, but on-camera, what do you prefer?  I have resisted
> purchasing the sto-fen/tupperware-type accessories,  but maybe they
> are worth a look...? (ok, so that was 3 questions...)
> 
> :)
> -c
> 
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