Penelitian begini, sekarang ini lazimnya dilakukan oleh orang-orang kafir....
Dan orang kafirlah yang sedang melakukan apa yagn disebut oleh Edelmen sebagai
revolusi, yaitu penelitian dibidang neuroscience..
Orang kafir pulalah yang telah berhasil mengirim manusia ke bulan.
Orang kafirlah yang telah mengirim Phoenix ke Mars.
Orang Islam sih sibuk ngurusi apa yagn haram dan apa yang bukan..
Ngurusin tetek Claudia Shifter yagn ditutup baju yang beertuliskan ayat
al-Mushaf..
Bikin onar, seperti ketika ada kartun Denmarkt itu.
Saling menindas seperti yang dilakukan FPI terhdap Ahmadiyah.
Saling berbunuhan seperti yang dilakukan oleh orang syiah yang membunuh orang
sunni dan orang sunni yang mebmunuhi orang syiah di Iran, Pakistan dll.
Orang sunni juga saling berbunuhan di Darfur.
Islam itu, saya bilang dan saya ulang, adalah laknat buat ummat manusia,
artinya buat orang Islam sendiri.
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Web address:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/
080709180722..htm
Seasonal Programmed Brain Cell Death Foiled In Living Birds
enlarge
Brain neurons programmed to die in white-crowned sparrows have been kept alive
for seven days by University of Washington researchers. (Credit: Photo by
Tsu-Wei Wang)
ScienceDaily (July 14, 2008) — Neurons in brains of one songbird species
equipped with a built-in suicide program that kicks in at the end of the
breeding season have been kept alive for seven days in live birds by
researchers trying to understand the role that steroid hormones play in the
growth and maintenance of the neural song system.
It is the first time scientists have shown that inhibiting an enzyme involved
in programmed cell death can protect a brain region in a living animal from
neurodegeneration following the withdrawal of steroids.
In addition, the University of Washington research being published July 10 in
the Journal of Neuroscience reports that the infusion of this enzyme inhibitor
into one brain region also kept another connected brain structure from
degenerating.
The research has potential to help scientists develop clinical strategies for
treating strokes and such human age-related degenerative diseases as
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and dementia, all of which may involve the death of
brain cells.
Previous work by the co-authors Christopher Thompson and Eliot Brenowitz showed
that neurons in a brain region called the HVC begin regressing within 12 hours
after the withdrawal of the steroid hormone testosterone, followed soon
thereafter by cell death. The new study indicates that enzymes called caspases,
which play a key role in a cell suicide process called apoptosis, are involved
in this process of neurodegeneration and that inactivation of caspases protects
brain cells for at least a week.
Thompson, who just earned his doctorate in neurobiology and behavior at the UW
and is now a postdoctoral researcher at the Freie Univeristät in Berlin, and
Brenowitz, a UW professor of psychology and biology, study the brain regions
controlling the singing behavior of a white-crowned sparrow.
"In the future, physicians might be able to stabilize people who have suffered
a stroke using these inhibitors," said Brenowitz. "The basic mechanisms of cell
death are the same in people and birds. With a stroke we often act as if it
only affects the one area stricken by the loss of blood supply. But
neuroscience has shown that different brain regions are connected in neural
circuits. By using inhibitors like these to preserve neurons in the affected
area, we might be able to preserve neurons in other connected brain areas."
The researchers received federal and state permits to capture 15 male sparrows
in Eastern Washington after the breeding season as the birds were returning
from Alaska to their winter home in California. The birds were housed indoors
for 12 weeks under short-day lighting conditions to ensure their song and
reproductive systems were regressed to a non-breeding state. Song-control
regions in the brains of these sparrows and other songbirds naturally expand
and shrink during the year depending on whether or not the birds are in a
breeding state.
Next, the birds were exposed to 16 hours of light a day in long-day conditions,
castrated and implanted with a high level of testosterone for 28 days to induce
full growth of the song-control system. At that point, testosterone was
withdrawn, the caspase inhibitors were infused near the HVC region on one side
of the brain in 12 of the birds and the sparrows were returned to short-day
lighting conditions. Three of the sparrows received a control substance that is
chemically similar but did not have inhibitory properties. Groups of birds were
euthanized after 1, 3 and 7 days. These procedures were done with the approval
of the UW's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and the National
Institute of Mental Health. The latter funded the research.
Examination of brain tissue showed that the caspase inhibitors prevented cell
death in the HVC on the side of birds' brain that received these chemicals
while this region began to degenerate on the opposite side of the brain. In
addition, neurons in another connected song-control region called the RA on the
side of the brain receiving the caspase inhibitors did not regress after seven
days. Neurons in the HVC in the birds that did not get caspase inhibitors
exhibited cell death, and RA neurons regressed.
"The normal role of hormones during the breeding season is to stimulate and
maintain growth of these neural systems. We don't yet know all the ways in
which hormones prevent brain cell death, but this study shows that hormones
block caspases and so preserve neurons," said Brenowitz. "We are extending the
life of these cells and halting the rapid degeneration of the song system."
Adapted from materials provided by University of Washington.
Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or report? Use one of the
following formats:
APA
MLA
University of Washington (2008, July 14). Seasonal Programmed Brain Cell Death
Foiled In Living Birds. ScienceDaily. Retrieved July 15, 2008, from
http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2008/07/080709180722.htm
---------------
Jusfiq Hadjar gelar Sutan Maradjo Lelo
Allah yang disembah orang Islam tipikal dan yang digambarkan oleh al-Mushaf itu
dungu, buas, kejam, keji, ganas, zalim lagi biadab hanyalah Allah fiktif.
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