Mengerikan:
"Indonesian survey and election results led R. William Liddle and Saiful
Mujani in 2003 to conclude that the number of Islamists "is no more
than 15 per cent of the total Indonesian Muslim population". In
contrast, a 2008 survey of 8000 Indonesian Muslims by Roy Morgan
Research found 40 per cent of Indonesians favouring hadd criminal
punishments (such as cutting off the hands of thieves) and 52 per cent
favouring some form of Islamic legal code."
40 persen orang Islam Indonesia setuju dengan hukuman biadab potong tangan
pencuri.....
Size of Islamist menace
Daniel Pipes | October 09, 2008
THE recent distribution in the US of about 28 million copies of the 2005
documentary Obsession: Radical Islam's War Against the West has stirred heated
debate about its contents. One lightning rod for criticism concerns my
on-screen statement that "10 to 15 per cent of Muslims worldwide support
militant Islam".
The Muslim Public Affairs Council declared this estimate "utterly
unsubstantiated" and "completely without evidence". Masoud Kheirabadi, a
professor at Portland State University and the author of children's books about
Islam, informed The Oregonian newspaper that there's no basis for my estimate.
Daniel Ruth, writing in The Tampa Tribune, asked dubiously how I arrived at
this number. "Did he take a poll? That would be enlightening! What does support
for radical Islam mean? Pipes provides no answers."
Actually, Pipes did provide answers. He collected and published many numbers at
How Many Islamists?, a weblog entry initiated in May 2005.
First, though, an explanation of what I meant by Muslims who "support militant
Islam": these are Islamists, individuals who seek a totalistic, worldwide
application of Islamic law, the sharia. In particular, they seek to build an
Islamic state in Turkey, replace Israel with an Islamic state and the US
constitution with the Koran.
But, as with any attitudinal estimate, several factors impede approximating the
percentage of Islamists.
How much fervour: Gallup polled more than 50,000 Muslims across 10 countries
and found that, if one defines radicals as those who deemed the 9/11 attacks
"completely justified", their number constitutes about 7 per cent of the total
population. But if one includes Muslims who considered the attacks "largely
justified", their ranks jump to 13.5 per cent. Adding those who deemed the
attacks "somewhat justified" boosts the number of radicals to 36.6 per cent.
Which figure should one adopt?
Gauge voter intentions: Elections measure Islamist sentiment untidily, for
Islamist parties erratically win support from non-Islamists. Thus, Turkey's
Justice and Development Party won 47 per cent of the vote in the 2007 elections
and 34 per cent in the 2002 elections, and its precursor, the Virtue Party, won
just 15 per cent in 1999. The Islamic Movement's northern faction won 75 per
cent of the vote in the Israeli Arab city of Umm al-Fahm in the 2003 elections,
while Hamas, the Palestinian terrorist organisation, won 44 per cent of the
vote in the Palestinian Authority elections in 2006. Which number does one
select?
What to measure: Many polls measure attitudes other than application of Islamic
law. Gallup looks at support for 9/11. The Pew Global Attitudes Project
assesses support for suicide bombing. Nawaf Obaid, a Saudi security specialist,
focuses on pro-Osama bin Laden views. Germany's domestic security agency,
Bundesamt fur Verfassungsschutz, counts membership in Islamist organisations.
Margaret Nydell of Georgetown University calculates "Islamists who resort to
violence".
Inexplicably varying results: A University of Jordan survey revealed that large
majorities of Jordanians, Palestinians and Egyptians wish the sharia to be the
only source of Islamic law, but only one-third of Syrians do.
Indonesian survey and election results led R. William Liddle and Saiful Mujani
in 2003 to conclude that the number of Islamists "is no more than 15 per cent
of the total Indonesian Muslim population". In contrast, a 2008 survey of 8000
Indonesian Muslims by Roy Morgan Research found 40 per cent of Indonesians
favouring hadd criminal punishments (such as cutting off the hands of thieves)
and 52 per cent favouring some form of Islamic legal code.
Given these complications, it is not surprising that estimates vary
considerably. On the one hand, the Islamic Supreme Council of America's Hisham
Kabbani says 5 per cent to 10per cent of American Muslims are extremists and
pollster Daniel Yankelovich finds that "the hate-America Islamist
fundamentalists average about 10 per cent of all Muslims". On the other,
reviewing 10 surveys of British Muslim opinion, I concluded that "more than
half of British Muslims want Islamic law and 5 per cent endorse violence to
achieve that end".
These ambiguous and contradictory percentages lead to no clear, specific count
of Islamists. Out of a quantitative mishmash, I suggested just three days after
9/11 that about 10 per cent to 15 per cent of Muslims are determined Islamists.
Subsequent evidence generally confirmed that estimate and suggested, if
anything, that the actual numbers might be higher.
Negatively, 10 per cent to 15 per cent suggests that Islamists number about 150
million out of a billion-plus Muslims, more than all the fascists and
communists who ever lived.
Positively, it implies that most Muslims can be swayed against Islamist
totalitarianism.
Daniel Pipes is director of the Middle East Forum.
---------------
Jusfiq Hadjar gelar Sutan Maradjo Lelo
Allah yang disembah orang Islam tipikal dan yang digambarkan oleh al-Mushaf itu
dungu, buas, kejam, keji, ganas, zalim lagi biadab hanyalah Allah fiktif.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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