I agree that secure boot is not a good protection against malware. Even if we 
consider just dom0 protection, without considering AppVMs:

With systems allowing a limited level of customization (e.g., ChromeOS or 
Android), this might provide a limited level of protection. It can guarantee 
that you boot a signed image with a signed root filesystem (see dm-verity). On 
Android (and probably also on ChromeOS), writable (and thus unverifiable) 
partitions are usually mounted with nosuid and nothing seems to be executed 
from them with root privileges, so you are *theoretically* protected. But don't 
overrate this protection: As soon as some suitable vulnerability is found in 
the kernel or other privileged component, the malware can root the phone on 
every boot and even take full control and prevent kernel update (blue pill or 
chainloading). And even if some vulnerability is impractical for rooting on 
boot (e.g. it takes hours until winning a race condition), the malware could 
downgrade the kernel to an older version that has more known vulnerabilities.

With system allowing you to install any driver, the first driver that is loaded 
can contain malware and so on.

Qubes is today the latter case. Maybe ITL with some partner could sell laptops 
restricted to boot some restricted QubesOS only, so one would not be easily 
able to run unauthorized software in dom0. This would be essentially the first 
case where secure boot offers a limited security advantage. But I don't think 
it is worth the work and the restrictions. QubesOS tries to prevent the 
attacker from getting into dom0 in the first place, which has better benefit 
than we can get from secure boot.

When protecting against evil maid, the situation is different a bit. We assume 
that the attacker has some limited physical access (e.g., she cannot replace 
your CPU with some backdoored version), maybe she is just able to boot some 
custom OS image. So the can modify any content on your HDD/SSD. However:

* If she modifies grub or some similar component, she should be caught by AEM.
* If she wants to modify something else (e.g., some bash script in dom0), she 
will need to alter the encrypted drive. While encryption is not generally a 
good protection against modification (see malleablity of stream ciphers or CBC 
mode or some other ciphers), it can provide a poor man's authentication if the 
cipher is not malleable in a much practical way and/or the attacker does not 
know the position of the file to alter. Worth to mention, this is the main 
difference from malware running in dom0 that has also access to a mounted 
filesystem.

The problem is:

1. The AEM is not perfect. Various vulnerabilities have been published and I am 
unsure what level of real protection (i.e., not just obscurity) can it provide.
2. AEM is not for free. When filtering only laptops with TXT+TPM, you have 
quite limited options, selection will take more time and it will probably 
result in a more expensive laptop. It is really worth the limited protection?

Regards,
Vít Šesták 'v6ak'

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