HyukjinKwon commented on a change in pull request #35415:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/35415#discussion_r803286678



##########
File path: 
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/stringExpressions.scala
##########
@@ -2538,6 +2538,69 @@ case class Encode(value: Expression, charset: Expression)
     newLeft: Expression, newRight: Expression): Encode = copy(value = newLeft, 
charset = newRight)
 }
 
+/**
+ * Converts the input expression to a binary value based on the supplied 
format.
+ */
+// scalastyle:off line.size.limit
+@ExpressionDescription(
+  usage = """
+    _FUNC_(str[, fmt]) - Converts the input `str` to a binary value based on 
the supplied `fmt`.
+      By default, the binary format for conversion is "hex" if `fmt` is 
omitted.
+  """,
+  examples = """
+    Examples:
+      > SELECT _FUNC_('abc', 'utf-8');
+       abc
+  """,
+  since = "3.3.0",
+  group = "string_funcs")
+// scalastyle:on line.size.limit
+case class ToBinary(expr: Expression, format: Option[Expression], child: 
Expression)
+  extends RuntimeReplaceable {
+
+  def this(expr: Expression, format: Expression) = this(expr, Option(format),
+    format match {
+      case lit if lit.foldable => lit.eval()
+        .asInstanceOf[UTF8String].toString.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT) match {
+        case "hex" => Unhex(expr)
+        case "utf-8" => Encode(expr, Literal("UTF-8"))
+        case "base64" => UnBase64(expr)
+        case "base2" => Cast(expr, BinaryType)
+        case _ => lit
+      }
+      case other => other
+    }
+  )
+
+  def this(expr: Expression) = this(expr, None, Unhex(expr))
+
+  override def flatArguments: Iterator[Any] = Iterator(expr, format)
+  override def exprsReplaced: Seq[Expression] = expr +: format.toSeq
+
+  override def prettyName: String = "to_binary"
+  override def dataType: DataType = BinaryType
+
+  override def checkInputDataTypes(): TypeCheckResult = {
+    if (format match {
+      case Some(f) => f match {
+        case lit if lit.foldable => Seq("hex", "utf-8", "base64", 
"base2").contains(
+          
lit.eval().asInstanceOf[UTF8String].toString.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT))

Review comment:
       I think we should think about the case when `eval` returns `null`.




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