mkaravel commented on code in PR #45064:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/45064#discussion_r1483412350


##########
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/collationExpressions.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.InternalRow
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.codegen._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.CollationFactory
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
+import org.apache.spark.unsafe.types.UTF8String
+
+/**
+ * A function that marks a given expression with specified collation.
+ * This function is pass-through, it will not modify the input data.
+ * Only type metadata will be updated.
+ */
+@ExpressionDescription(
+  usage = "expr _FUNC_ collationName",
+  examples = """
+    Examples:
+      > SELECT 'Spark SQL' COLLATE 'UCS_BASIC_LCASE';
+       Spark SQL
+  """,
+  since = "4.0.0",
+  group = "string_funcs")
+case class Collate(child: Expression, collationName: String)
+  extends UnaryExpression with ExpectsInputTypes {
+  private val collationId = CollationFactory.collationNameToId(collationName)
+  override def dataType: DataType = StringType(collationId)
+  override def inputTypes: Seq[AbstractDataType] = Seq(StringType)
+
+  override protected def withNewChildInternal(
+    newChild: Expression): Expression = copy(newChild)
+
+  override def eval(row: InternalRow): Any = child.eval(row)
+
+  override protected def doGenCode(ctx: CodegenContext, ev: ExprCode): 
ExprCode =
+    defineCodeGen(ctx, ev, (in) => in)
+}
+
+/**
+ * A function that returns the collation name of a given expression.
+ */
+@ExpressionDescription(
+  usage = "_FUNC_(expr)",
+  examples = """
+    Examples:
+      > SELECT _FUNC_('Spark SQL');
+       UCS_BASIC
+  """,
+  since = "4.0.0",
+  group = "string_funcs")
+case class Collation(child: Expression) extends UnaryExpression {

Review Comment:
   Would that work with user-defined collations?



##########
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/collationExpressions.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.InternalRow
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.codegen._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.CollationFactory
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
+import org.apache.spark.unsafe.types.UTF8String
+
+/**
+ * A function that marks a given expression with specified collation.
+ * This function is pass-through, it will not modify the input data.
+ * Only type metadata will be updated.
+ */
+@ExpressionDescription(
+  usage = "expr _FUNC_ collationName",
+  examples = """
+    Examples:
+      > SELECT 'Spark SQL' COLLATE 'UCS_BASIC_LCASE';
+       Spark SQL

Review Comment:
   Wouldn't it be more interesting to have as example the query:
   ```sql
   SELECT collation('Spark SQL' COLLATE 'UCS_BASIC_LCASE');
   ```



##########
sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/columnar/ColumnStats.scala:
##########
@@ -270,8 +273,8 @@ private[columnar] final class StringColumnStats extends 
ColumnStats {
   }
 
   def gatherValueStats(value: UTF8String, size: Int): Unit = {

Review Comment:
   +1 on this.
   I feel like we should disable column stats initially for non-UCS_BASIC 
string columns. This a separate task on its own.



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