chenhao-db commented on code in PR #45708:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/45708#discussion_r1540169393


##########
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/variant/variantExpressions.scala:
##########
@@ -63,3 +70,300 @@ case class ParseJson(child: Expression) extends 
UnaryExpression
   override protected def withNewChildInternal(newChild: Expression): ParseJson 
=
     copy(child = newChild)
 }
+
+// A path segment in the `VariantGet` expression. It represents either an 
object key access (when
+// `key` is not null) or an array index access (when `key` is null).
+case class PathSegment(key: String, index: Int)
+
+object VariantPathParser extends RegexParsers {
+  private def root: Parser[Char] = '$'
+
+  // Parse index segment like `[123]`.
+  private def index: Parser[PathSegment] =
+    for {
+      index <- '[' ~> "\\d+".r <~ ']'
+    } yield {
+      PathSegment(null, index.toInt)
+    }
+
+  // Parse key segment like `.name`, `['name']`, or `["name"]`.
+  private def key: Parser[PathSegment] =
+    for {
+      key <- '.' ~> "[^\\.\\[]+".r | "['" ~> "[^\\'\\?]+".r <~ "']" |
+        "[\"" ~> "[^\\\"\\?]+".r <~ "\"]"
+    } yield {
+      PathSegment(key, 0)
+    }
+
+  private val parser: Parser[List[PathSegment]] = phrase(root ~> rep(key | 
index))
+
+  def parse(str: String): Option[Array[PathSegment]] = {
+    this.parseAll(parser, str) match {
+      case Success(result, _) => Some(result.toArray)
+      case _ => None
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The implementation for `variant_get` and `try_variant_get` expressions. 
Extracts a sub-variant
+ * value according to a path and cast it into a concrete data type.
+ * @param child The source variant value to extract from.
+ * @param path A literal path expression. It has the same format as the JSON 
path.
+ * @param schema The target data type to cast into.
+ * @param failOnError Controls whether the expression should throw an 
exception or return null if
+ *                    the cast fails.
+ * @param timeZoneId A string identifier of a time zone. It is required by 
timestamp-related casts.
+ */
+case class VariantGet(
+    child: Expression,
+    path: Expression,
+    schema: DataType,
+    failOnError: Boolean,
+    timeZoneId: Option[String] = None)
+    extends BinaryExpression
+    with TimeZoneAwareExpression
+    with NullIntolerant
+    with ExpectsInputTypes
+    with CodegenFallback
+    with QueryErrorsBase {
+  override def checkInputDataTypes(): TypeCheckResult = {
+    val check = super.checkInputDataTypes()
+    if (check.isFailure) {
+      check
+    } else if (!path.foldable) {
+      DataTypeMismatch(
+        errorSubClass = "NON_FOLDABLE_INPUT",
+        messageParameters = Map(
+          "inputName" -> toSQLId("path"),
+          "inputType" -> toSQLType(path.dataType),
+          "inputExpr" -> toSQLExpr(path)
+        )
+      )
+    } else if (!VariantGet.checkDataType(schema)) {
+      DataTypeMismatch(
+        errorSubClass = "CAST_WITHOUT_SUGGESTION",
+        messageParameters = Map(
+          "srcType" -> toSQLType(VariantType),
+          "targetType" -> toSQLType(schema)
+        )
+      )
+    } else {
+      TypeCheckResult.TypeCheckSuccess
+    }
+  }
+
+  override lazy val dataType: DataType = schema.asNullable
+
+  @transient private lazy val parsedPath = {
+    val pathValue = path.eval().toString
+    VariantPathParser.parse(pathValue).getOrElse {
+      throw QueryExecutionErrors.invalidVariantGetPath(pathValue, prettyName)
+    }
+  }
+
+  final override def nodePatternsInternal(): Seq[TreePattern] = 
Seq(VARIANT_GET)
+
+  override def inputTypes: Seq[AbstractDataType] = Seq(VariantType, StringType)
+
+  override def prettyName: String = if (failOnError) "variant_get" else 
"try_variant_get"
+
+  override def nullable: Boolean = true
+
+  protected override def nullSafeEval(input: Any, path: Any): Any = {

Review Comment:
   There is an issue with this approach: we cannot know the return type of 
`StaticInvoke(...)` in advance. It is possible that there are two variant rows 
with different content types and they can both be cast into the same type. 
E.g., both `variant_get(parse_json('1'), '$', 'int')` and 
`variant_get(parse_json('"1"'), '$', 'int')` should return `1`. If the 
`StaticInvoke(...)` must have a return type, it can only be the variant type. 
We still need the current `VariantGet.cast` function as the internal 
implementation of `Cast(Variant, targetType)`, so it doesn't really simplify 
anything.



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