uros-db commented on code in PR #52491:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/52491#discussion_r2405659750


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sql/api/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/types/GeometryType.scala:
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@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.types
+
+import org.json4s.JsonAST.{JString, JValue}
+
+import org.apache.spark.SparkIllegalArgumentException
+import org.apache.spark.annotation.Experimental
+
+/**
+ * The data type representing GEOMETRY values which are spatial objects, as 
defined in the
+ * Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Simple Feature Access specification
+ * (https://portal.ogc.org/files/?artifact_id=25355), with a Cartesian 
coordinate system.
+ */
+@Experimental
+class GeometryType private (val crs: String)
+  extends AtomicType
+    with Serializable {
+
+  /**
+   * Spatial Reference Identifier (SRID) value of the geometry type.
+   */
+  val srid: Int = toSrid(crs)
+
+  /**
+   * The default size of a value of the GeometryType is 2048 bytes, which can 
store roughly 120
+   * 2D points.
+   */
+  override def defaultSize: Int = 2048
+
+  /**
+   * The GeometryType is a mixed SRID type iff the SRID is GEOMETRY_MIXED_SRID.
+   * Semantically, this means that different SRID values per row are allowed.
+   */
+  def isMixedSrid: Boolean = srid == GeometryType.GEOMETRY_MIXED_SRID
+
+  /**
+   * Type name that is displayed to users.
+   */
+  override def typeName: String = {
+    if (isMixedSrid) {
+      // The mixed SRID type is displayed with a special specifier value "ANY".
+      "geometry(any)"
+    } else {
+      // The fixed SRID type is always displayed with the appropriate SRID 
value.
+      s"geometry($srid)"
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * String representation of the GeometryType, which uses SRID for fixed SRID 
types and "ANY"
+   * for mixed SRID types, providing a clear and concise user-friendly format 
for this type.
+   */
+  override def toString: String = {
+    if (isMixedSrid) {
+      // The mixed SRID type is displayed with a special specifier value "ANY".
+      "GeometryType(ANY)"
+    } else {
+      // The fixed SRID type is always displayed with the appropriate SRID 
value.
+      s"GeometryType($srid)"
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * JSON representation of the GeometryType, which uses the CRS string, in 
line with the current
+   * storage specifications (e.g. Parquet, Delta, Iceberg). Note that mixed 
SRID is disallowed,
+   * and only fixed SRID types can be stored. This is also in accordance to 
storage formats.
+   */
+  override def jsonValue: JValue = JString(s"geometry($crs)")
+
+  private[spark] override def asNullable: GeometryType = this
+
+  /**
+   * Two types are considered equal iff they are both GeometryTypes and have 
the same SRID value.
+   */
+  override def equals(obj: Any): Boolean = {
+    obj match {
+      case g: GeometryType =>
+        // Iff two GeometryTypes have the same SRID, they are considered equal.
+        g.srid == srid
+      case _ =>
+        // In all other cases, the two types are considered not equal.
+        false
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The hash code of the GeometryType is derived from its SRID value.
+   */
+  override def hashCode(): Int = srid.hashCode
+
+  /**
+   * The GeometryType can only accept another type if the other type is also a 
GeometryType,
+   * and the SRID values are compatible (see `acceptsGeometryType` below for 
more details).
+   */
+  override private[sql] def acceptsType(other: DataType): Boolean = {
+    other match {
+      case gt: GeometryType =>
+        // For GeometryType, we need to check the SRID values.
+        acceptsGeometryType(gt)
+      case _ =>
+        // In all other cases, the two types are considered different.
+        false
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The GeometryType with a mixed SRID can accept any other GeometryType, 
i.e. either a fixed SRID
+   * GeometryType or another mixed SRID GeometryType. Conversely, a 
GeometryType with a fixed SRID
+   * can only accept another GeometryType with the same fixed SRID value, and 
not a mixed SRID.
+   */
+  def acceptsGeometryType(gt: GeometryType): Boolean = {
+    // If the SRID is mixed, we can accept any other GeometryType.
+    // If the SRID is not mixed, we can only accept the same SRID.
+    isMixedSrid || gt.srid == srid
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts a CRS string to its corresponding SRID integer value.
+   */
+  private[types] def toSrid(crs: String): Int = {
+    // The special value "SRID:ANY" is used to represent mixed SRID values.
+    if (crs.equalsIgnoreCase(GeometryType.GEOMETRY_MIXED_CRS)) {
+      return GeometryType.GEOMETRY_MIXED_SRID
+    }
+    // For all other CRS values, we need to look up the corresponding SRID.
+    val srid = CrsMappings.get().getSrid(crs)
+    if (srid == null) {
+      // If the CRS value is not recognized, we throw an exception.
+      throw new SparkIllegalArgumentException(
+        errorClass = "ST_INVALID_CRS_VALUE",
+        messageParameters = Map("crs" -> crs)
+      )
+    }
+    srid
+  }
+}
+
+@Experimental
+object GeometryType extends AbstractDataType {
+
+  /**
+   * Mixed SRID value and the corresponding CRS value for GeometryType.
+   * This value is completely internal, and should not be exposed to users.
+   * It means we can have different SRIDs per row.
+   */
+  final val GEOMETRY_MIXED_SRID = -1
+  final val GEOMETRY_MIXED_CRS = "SRID:ANY"

Review Comment:
   Although it seemed to me that preserving clear separation here might have 
been beneficial for future code changes, I actually ended up introducing a 
common trait for these constants. IMO, either way should be fine really, but we 
can go with `MIXED_SRID` and `MIXED_CRS` for now.



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